UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 


1776 International Exhibition, f8?6 

PHILADELPHIA. 


BUREAUS OF ADMINISTRATION. 


FOREIGN:— 

Direction of the foreign representation, - DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 

INSTALLATION:— 

Classification of applications for space,—allotment of space 
in Main Building—supervision of special structures, 

HENRY PETTIT. 

TRANSPORTATION :— 

Foreign transportation for goods and visitors—transportation 
for goods and visitors in the United States—local trans¬ 
portation—warehousing and customs regulations, 

DOLPHUS TORREY. 

MACHINERY :— 

Superintendence of the Machinery Department and building, 
including allotment of space to Exhibitors, 

JOHN S. ALBERT. 

AGRICULTURE:— 

Superintendence of the Agricultural Department, building 
and grounds, including allotment of space to Exhibitors, 

BURNET LANDRETH. 

HORTICULTURE:— 

Superintendence of Horticultural Department, Conservatory 
and grounds, including allotment of space to Exhibitors, 

CHARLES A. MILLER. 

FINE ARTS:— 

Superintendence of the Fine Art Department and building, 
including allotment of space to Exhibitors, 


John L. Campbell, 

Secretary. 

Philadelphia, March , 1875. 


A. T. GOSHORN, 

Director- General. 














INDEPENDENCE HALL, PHILADELPHIA. 


THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION OF 1876. 

What better method of celebrating our country’s birth to freedom than 
by a grand exhibition, which shall contain the best that we can do? What 
better place in which to hold such an exhibition is there than Philadelphia ? 
Here on the 4th of July, 1776, the immortal Declaration of Independence 
was read; and here, in the same old building, now standing, our forefathers 
held council together. Let their children, and their children’s children, from 
East and West, from North and South, come together on the 4th day of 
July, 1876, to offer thanks for the preservation of our liberties and to clasp 
hands as one family. Not alone shall a patriotic home feeling bring this 
about, but in addition the fairy palace now being erected upon the banks of 
the Schuylkill, and filled with results of the ingenuity, skill and experience of 
our people, will prove an irresistible attraction. A plan of the comparative 
size of the different exhibitions of the world proves that we have a larger 
space to fill than any other nation. Let us fill it with the best natural pro¬ 
ducts of the soil; with our minerals, coal, petroleum ; with our giant trees, 
our grain, vegetables and fruits. Let our machinery and labor-saving 
inventions be made ready, and let us hope that the land that produced a 
Franklin, a Fulton, and a Morse, may again bring forth some startling 
success in science or machinery. To the Old World we have sent invita¬ 
tions to compete in this grand peaceful contest—accepted by nearly all 
nations—and every American should be personally ready to do his part to 
meet our foreign friends on this field. The position selected for the exhibi¬ 
tion is admirably adapted for the purpose; within a few minutes’ distance 
of the centre of Philadelphia, it can be reached with facility and conveni¬ 
ence by the steam and horse railways and the steamboats on the river. The 
buildings are arranged upon the best models, designed from all the results 

8 






























































JNTRODUCTORY 


T HE desire for information on the part of the public not only in this 
country, but in other parts of the world, has led to the preparation of 
this work, which is intended as far as possible to meet the necessities of the 
case. We cannot too much exaggerate the great importance of this event 
to the future interests of the nation ; it presents the first opportunity ever 
offered to our inventors, mechanics and manufacturers to display the great 
progress made in our various industries to'the inspection not only of our 
own people, but also of the thousands from other lands who will visit 
Philadelphia on that occasion. There can be no question but that there 
will be secured in this way a largely increased demand for our own manufac¬ 
tures, but attention will also be turned to a more close competition with our 
foreign rivals. To the farmer and landholder the opportunity is offered to 
secure both capital and labor by the proper presentation of the great 
sources of the various States and the advantages for investment; an 
impetus will also be given to the introduction of new staples, such as silk, 
useful fibres for paper, coffee, tea, tropical fruits, etc., etc. 

The occasion is one that appeals to the national pride of every citizen, 
and the managers of this great enterprise feel justified in the expectation 
that there will not be a branch of manufacturing industry unrepresented, 
ho ever simple may be its character. In all the World Fairs of Europe 
Americans have carried off the majority of prizes in proportion to the arti¬ 
cles on exhibition, and it would be a standing discredit to our people should 
we not meet our competitors successfully on our own ground. No better 
evidence of the value of a free government can be given than an exhaustive 
exhibit of all its resources; and the credit due to those who risked their lives 
and fortunes for our independence will be most justly rendered by this 
tribute of industry and invention. Let every manufacturer who may 
receive this work, use his best endeavor to give success to the International 
Exhibition of 1876, and thus make some return for the position he occupies 
as an American citizen. 



NITED CTATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 


OFFICES, 903 WALNUT STREET. 


ORGANIZATION. 


President: 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. 


Vice-Presidents: 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, ORESTES CLEVELAND, 

JOHN D. CREIGH, ROBERT LOWRY, 

ROBERT MALLORY. 

Director General: 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN. 

Secretary : 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL. 

Assistant Secretary. 

DORSEY GARDNER. 

Counsellor and Solicitor: 

JOHN L. SHOEMAKER. 


Executive Committee: 


DANIEL J. MORRELL, Chairman, 

. Pennsylvania. 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, . 

Ohio. 

E. A. STRAW, . 

New Hampshire. 

N. M. BECKWITH, 

. New York. 

JAMES T. EARLE, 

Maryland. 

GEORGE H. CORLISS, 

Rhode Island. 

JOHN G. STEVENS, 

New Jersey. 

ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, 

West Virginia. 

RICHARD C. McCORMICK, . 

. Arizona. 

JOHN LYNCH, 

. Louisiana. 

JAMES BIRNEY, 

Michigan. 

CHARLES P. KIMBALL, . 

Maine. 

SAMUEL F. PHILLIPS, 

North Carolina. 

Secretary: 


MYER ASCH, . . 

Philadelphia. 






[Jnitecl plates Qentennial Qommissioners. 


ALABAMA, 

ARIZONA, 

ARKANSAS, - 
CALIFORNIA, - 
COLORADO, - 
CONNECTICUT, 

DAKOTA, 

DELAWARE, - 
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 
FLORIDA, 

GEORGIA, 

IDAHO, 


James L. Cooper. 

Richard C. McCormick, 
John Wasson. 

Geo. W. Lawrence, 
Alexander McDonald. 

John Dunbar Creigh, 
Benj. P. Kooser. 

J. Marshall Paul, 

N. C. Meeker. 

Joseph R. Hawley, 

Wm. Phipps Blake. 

J. A. Burbank, 

Solomon L. Spink. 

Henry F. Askew, 

John H. Rodney. 

James E. Dexter, 
Lawrence A. Gobright. 

John S. Adams, 

J. T. Bernard. 

George Hillyer, 
Richard Peters, Jr. 

Thomas Donaldson, 

C. W. Moore. 


ILLINOIS, 


Frederick L. Matthews, 
Lawrence Weldon. 


INDIANA, 

IOWA, 


John L. Campbell, 
Franklin C. Johnson. 

Robert Lowry, 

Coker F. Clarkson. 


KANSAS, 


John A. Martin, 
George A. Crawford. 


KENTUCKY, 


Robert Mallory, 
Smith M. Hobbs. 


LOUISIANA, 


John Lynch, 
Edward Penington. 


MAINE, - 
MAR YLAND, - 
MASS A CHUSETTS, 
MICHIGAN, 
MINNESOTA, - 
MISSISSIPPI, - 


Joshua Nye, 

Charles P. Kimball. 

James T. Earle, 

S. M. Shoemaker. 

George B. Loring, 
William B. Spooner. 

James Birney, 

Claudius B. Grant. 

J. Fletcher Williams, 
W. W. Folwell. 

O. C. French. 


I 


















[Jnitecl plates Pentennial Qommissioners. 


MISSOURI, 




John McNeil, 

Samuel Hays. 

MONTANA, 

- 

- 

- 

J. P. WOOLMAN, 

Patrick A. Largey. 

NEBRASKA, - 




Henry S. Moody, 

R. W. Furnas. 

NEVADA, 

- 

- 

- 

Wm. Wirt McCoy, 

James W. Haines. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE, 

- 

- 

- 

Ezekiel A. Straw, 

Asa P. Cate. 

NEW JERSEY, 

- 

- 

- 

Orestes Cleveland, 

John G. Stevens. 

NEW MEXICO, 

- 

- 

- 

Eldridge W. Little. 
Stephen B. Elkins. 

NEW YORK, - 




N. M. Beckwith, 

Charles H. Marshall. 

NORTH CAROLINA, 

- 

- 

- 

Samuel F. Phillips, 
Jonathan W. Albertson. 

OHIO, 




Alfred T. Goshorn, 
Wilson W. Griffith. 

OREGON, 




James W. Virtue, 
Andrew J. I)ufur. 

PENNS YL VA NIA, - 

- 

- 

T 

Daniel J. Morrell, 

Asa Packer. 

RHODE ISLAND, - 

- 

- 

- 

George H. Corliss, 
Samuel Powel. 

SOUTH CAROLINA, 

- 

- 

- 

William Gurney, 
Archibald Cameron. 

TENNESSEE, - 




Thomas H. Cold well, 
William F. Prosser. 

TEXAS, - 




William Henry Parsons, 
John C. Chew. 

UTAH, 

- 

- 

- 

John H. Wickizer, 

Wm. Haydon. 

VERMONT, 




Middleton Goldsmith, 
Henry Chase. 

VIRGINIA, 

- 

- 

- 

Walter W. Wood, 
Edmund R. Bagwell. 

WASHING TON TERRITOR Y, 

- 

- 

Elwood Evans, 
Alexander S. Abernethy. 

WEST VIRGINIA, - 

- 

- 

- 

Alex. R. Boteler, 
Andrew J. Sweeney. 

WISCONSIN, - 




David Atwood, 

Edward D. Holton. 


WYOMING, 


Jos. M. Carey, 
Robert H. Lamborn. 














9 


of former experience. A full description of each building will be found 
farther on with views and ground plans. Within the grounds of the exhi¬ 
bition will be erected buildings by different foreign nations, so that every 
one can see for himself Chinese selling tea; Germans making pipes ; French¬ 
men at work on beautiful gems; Turks manufacturing slippers; Swiss with 
their watches; Sheffield cutlers turning out razors; and Russians preparing 
sheet iron and leather. On one side, a street in Japan will be represented, 
with citizens engaged in their several occupations; on the other, an Indian 
wigwam, with the squaws turning out baskets, and the chiefs engaged on 
bows and arrows. Everything will be done to make the exhibition attrac¬ 
tive, and it will remain open till November. Every American should visit 
it and give his family a chance. All workingmen should have the oppor¬ 
tunity to study out its advantages, and railroad fares will doubtless be so 
reduced that all may come home. 


NATIONAL AUTHORITY. 

The following preamble and section of an Act of Congress indicates 
the character of this Commission and its duties : 

THE ACT CREATING THE UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL 

COMMISSION. 

An Act to provide for celebrating the One Hundredth Anniversary of American 
Independence, by holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, 
and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of 
Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Whereas, The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America 
was prepared, signed, and promulgated in the year seventeen hundred and seventy- 
six, in the City of Philadelphia; and whereas it behooves the people of the United 
States to celebrate, by appropriate ceremonies, the centennial anniversary of this 
memorable and decisive event, which constituted the fourth day of July, Anno 
Domini, seventeen hundred and seventy-six, the birthday of the nation; and 
whereas it is deemed fitting that the completion of the first century of our national 
existence shall be commemorated by an exhibition of the natural resources of the 
country and their development, and of its progress in those arts which benefit 
mankind in comparison with those of older nations; and whereas no place is so 
appropriate for such an exhibition as the city in which occurred the event it is 
designed to commemorate, and whereas as the exhibition should be a national 
celebration, in which the people of the whole country should participate, it should 
have the sanction of the Congress of the United States: therefore, 

Section i. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled , That an exhibition of American 
and foreign arts, products, and manufactures shall be held, under the auspices of 
the government of the United States, in the City of Philadelphia, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 



10 


The following proclamation of the President indicates the national cha¬ 
racter of the Exhibition : 

PROCLAMATION: 

BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Whereas, by the Act of Congress approved March third, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-one, providing for a National Celebration of the one hundredth anniversary 
of the Independence of the United States, by the holding of an International Ex¬ 
hibition of Arts, Manufactures and Products of the Soil and Mine, in the City 
of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, it is provided as 
follows: 

“That, whenever the President shall be informed by the Governor of the State 
of Pennsylvania that provision has been made for the erection of suitable buildings 
for the purpose, and for the exclusive control by the Commission herein provided 
for of the proposed Exhibition, the President shall, through the Department of 
State, make proclamation of the same, setting forth the time at which the Exhibi¬ 
tion will open, and the place at which it will be held ; and he shall communicate 
to the diplomatic representatives of all nations copies of the same, together with 
such regulations as may be adopted by the commissioners, for publication in their 
respective countries;” 

And whereas, His Excellency the Governor of the said State of Pennsylvania 
did, on the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, inform 
me that provision has been made for the erection of said buildings and for the ex¬ 
clusive control by the Commission provided for in the said act of the proposed 
Exhibition ; 

And whereas, the President of the United States Centennial Commission has 
officially informed me of the dates fixed for the opening and closing of the said 
Exhibition, and the place at which it is to be held : 

Now therefore, be it known that I, Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United 
States, in conformity with the provisions of the act of Congress aforesaid, do hereby 
declare and proclaim that there will be held, at the City of Philadelphia, in the 
State of Pennsylvania, an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures and Pro¬ 
ducts of the Soil and Mine, to be opened on the nineteenth day of April, Anno 
Domini, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, and to be closed on the nineteenth day 
of October, in the same year. 

And in the interests of peace, civilization and domestic and international 
friendship and intercourse, I commend the Celebration and Exhibition to the peo¬ 
ple of the United States; and in behalf of this Government and people, I cor¬ 
dially commend them to all nations who may be pleased to take part therein. 

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the 
United States to be affixed. 


[Seal] 


Done at the City of Washington, this third day of July, one thousand 
eight hundred and seventy-thre£, and of the Independence of the 
United States the ninety-seventh. 

U. S. Grant. 


By the President: 

Hamilton Fish, 

Secretary of State. 


The following indicates the official character of the Exhibition in 
connection with foreign nations : 

NOTE TO FOREIGN MINISTERS IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Department of State, 

Washington, July j, i8yj. 

Sir: I have the honor to inclose, for the information of the Government of 

-a copy of the President’s Proclamation, announcing the time and place of 

holding an International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the 
Soil and Mine, proposed to be held in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

The Exhibition is designed to commemorate the Declaration of the Indepen¬ 
dence of the United States, on the one hundredth anniversary of that interesting 
and historic national event, and at the same time to present a fitting opportunity 
for such display of the results of Art and Industry of all nations as will serve to 
illustrate the great advances attained, and the successes achieved, in the interest of 
Progress and Civilization during the century which will have then closed. 

In the law providing for the holding of the Exhibition, Congress directed that 
copies of the Proclamation of the President, setting forth the time of its opening 
and the place at which it was to be held, together with such regulations as might 
be adopted by the Commissioners, of the Exhibition, should be communicated to 
the Diplomatic Representatives of all nations. Copies of those regulations are 
herewith transmitted. 

The President indulges the hope that the Government of—- will be pleased 

to notice the subject and may deem it proper to bring the Exhibition and its objects to 
the attention of the people of that country, and thus encourage their co-operation in 
the proposed celebration. And he further hopes that the opportunity afforded by the 
Exhibition for the interchange of national sentiment and friendly intercourse between 
the people of both nations may result in new and still greater advantages to Science 
and Industry, and at the same time serve to strengthen the bonds of peace and 
friendship which already happily subsist between the Government and people of 
-and those of the United States. 

I have the honor to be, sir, with the highest consideration, 

Your obedient servant, 

Hamilton Fish, 

Secretary of State. 

So far acceptances have been received from the following nations : 


Great Britain, 

Norway, 

Chili, 

Bolivia, 

P' ranee, 

Egypt. 

Peru, 

Nicaraugua, 

Austria, 

Denmark, 

Argentine Con¬ 

Columbia, 

Germany, 

Turkey, 

federation, 

Liberia, 

Belgium, 

Tunis, 

Sandwich Islands, 

Orange Free State 

Holland, 

Switzerland, 

China, 

Ecuador, 

Sweden, 

Mexico, 

Japan, 

Guatemala, 

Spain, 

Venezuela, 

Australia, 

Salvador, 

Portugal, 

Italy, 

Brazil, 

Canada, 

Honduras, 






12 


Of which the following have appointed their Commissioners: 

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION, South America: 

Ernesto Oldendorff, President. 

Julio Victorica, Secretary. And nine Commissioners. 

AUSTRALIA, VICTORIA, QUEENSLAND, NEW ZEALAND, Etc. : 

Sir Redwood Barry, President. 

J. Collins Levey, Esq., Secretary. And eleven Commissioners. 

AFRICA, ORANGE FREE STATE: 

Charles W. Riley, Consul-General. 

BELGIUM: 

Alfred Simonis, Member of the House of Representatives and Manufacturer. 

E. Sadoine, General Director of the Iron Works. 

Ch. De Smet, Manufacturer; President of the Industrial and Commercial 
Society. And fourteen Commissioners. 

BRAZIL: 

Gaston D’Orleans, Conde d’Eu, President. 

Viscount de Jaguary, ist Vice President. 

Viscount de Bonn-Retiro, 2d Vice President. 

Members.—Viscount de Souza Franco, 

Joaquin Antonio de Azevedo. 

CANADA: 

Hon. Luc. Letellier de St. Just, Minister of Agriculture. 

Hon. Robert D. Wilmot, Senator. 

Hon. Edward G. Penny, Senator. 

F. W. Glen, Esq., Ottawa. 

T. Perrault, Esq., Secretary. 

CHINA: 

Edward B. Drew, Commissioner of Customs. 

Gustav. Dietring, “ “ 

J. L. Hammond, “ “ 

Charles Hannen. 

ECUADOR: 

Edward Shippen, Esq., Consul, Philadelphia. 

Gabriel Obarrio, New York. 

J. J. Ribon “ 

J. M. Munoz “ 

J. R. de La Espriella, New York. 

FRANCE: 

A. L. De la Forest, Consul-General, New York. 

Ravin d’Elpeux, Vice Consul, Philadelphia. 

Cat. Apnfrye, French Legation, Washington. 


13 


French Local Committee in Paris: 

Oscar de Lafayette, President. 

Laboulaye, Vice President. 

Wolovvski, “ “ 

Dietz Monin, “ “ 

Flotard, Secretary. 

Bonnet, “ 

A. Caubert, Agent. 

GERMANY: 

Dr. Jacobi, Government Counsellor, President. And nine Commissioners. 

GREAT BRITAIN: 

P. Cunliffe Owen. 

Colonel Sanford. 

GAUTEMALA, SALVADOR: 

Don Vincente Dardon, Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. 

HONDURAS: 

Governor Don Francisco Bardales. 

Genl. Don E. de Salignac. 

Don Jose Maria Fiollos. 

Don Juan Ramon Valanzuela. 

JAPAN: 

Giro Yano, Agent, Japanese Legation, Washington. 

LIBERIA: 

J. L. Payne, Esq., Monrovia. 

Edward O. Morris, Esq., Consul, Philadelphia. 

MEXICO: 

Don Romero Rubio, President. 

Eduardo E. Zarote, Secretary. 

Gabriel Mancera. And nine Commissioners. 

NETHERLANDS: 

Dr. E. H. Von Baumhauer, President. 

Mr. C. Maysken, Haarlem, Secretary. 

Mr. L. Westergaard, Consul, Philadelphia. 

Mr. R. C. Burlage, Consul-General, New York. And eleven Commissioners. 

NORWAY: 

Herman Baars. 

Wm. C. Christopherson. 

PERU: 

Hon. Manuel Freyre, Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. 

Fred. L. Barreda. 

Edward Villena. 

Charles Nacy. 

SWEDEN: 

A. Bergstrom, President. 

C. Juhlin Dannfelt, Secretary, Stockholm. 

L. Westergaard, Agent, Consul, Philadelphia. And thirteen Commissioners. 


14 


SANDWICH ISLANDS: 

Hon. S. G. Wilder, Minister of the Interior. 

Hon. J. U. Kawainui. 

S. U. F. Odell, Charge d’Affaires and Consul-General, New York. 

SPAIN: 

Don Emilio Castelar, President. 

Don Jose Emilio de Santos, General Commissioner, Philadelphia. 

Don Antonio Mantilla, Minister Plenipotentiary, Washington. 

Don Ricardo Palomino, Consul, Philadelphia. 

Don Julian Alfredo Principe, Vice Consul, Philadelphia. And fifty-eight 
Commissioners. 

VENEZUELA: 

Leon de la Cova, Consul, Philadelphia. 

Dr. Adolphus Ernst, Professor, University of Carracas. 


For the convenience of Foreign Exhibitors, the following act, in 
relation to duties, was passed by Congress : 

ACT RELATING TO DUTIES ON FOREIGN ARTICLES. 

An Act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition 
of eighteen hundred and seventy-six, provides as follows. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for 
the sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the 
City of Philadelphia, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy-six, shall be 
admitted without the payment of duty or of customs fees, or charges, under such 
regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe ; Provided, that all 
such articles as shall be sold in the United States or withdrawn for consumption 
therein, at any time after such importation, shall be subject to the duties, if any, 
imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in force at the date of importation ; 
And provided further, that in case any articles imported under the provisions of 
this act shall be withdrawn for consumption or shall be sold without payment of 
duty, as required by law, all the penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall 
be applied and enforced against such articles and against the persons who may 
be guilty of such withdrawal or sale. 

Approved, June 18, 1874. 


GENERAL REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN EXHIBITORS. 

x. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadelphia, 
and will be opened on the 10th day of May, 1876, and closed on the 10th day of 
November following. 

2. All Governments have been invited to appoint Commissions, for the purpose 
of organizing their departments of the Exhibition. The Director-General should 
be notified of the appointment of such Foreign Commissions before January 1, 
i«75- 




i5 


Full diagrams of the buildings and grounds will be furnished to the Foreign 
Commissions on or before February i, 1875, indicating the localities to be 
occupied by each nation, subject, however, to revision and re-adjustment. 

3. Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be conducted 
with the Commission of the country where the article is produced. 

4. Foreign Commissions are requested to notify the Director-General, not later 
than June 1, 1875, whether they desire any increase or diminution of the space 
offered them, and the amount. 

5. Before December 1, 1875, the Foreign Commissions must furnish the Director- 
General with approximate plans showing the manner of allotting the space assigned 
to them, and also with lists of their exhibitors, and other information necessary for 
the preparation of the Official Catalogue. 

Products brought into the United States, at the ports of New York, Boston, 
Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt., Suspension Bridge, N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, 
Mich., Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Norfolk, New Orleans and San Francisco, 
intended for display at the International Exhibition, will be allowed to go forward 
to the Exhibition buildings, under proper supervision of customs officers, without 
examination at such ports of original entry, and at the close of the Exhibition will 
be allowed to go forward to the port from which they are to be exported. No 
duties will be levied upon such goods, unless entered for consumption in the 
United States. 

6. The transportation, receiving, unpacking and arranging of the products for 
exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

7. The installation of heavy articles requiring special foundations or adjustment 
should, by special arrangement, begin as soon as the progress of the work upon 
the buildings will permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition 
buildings will commence on January 5, 1876, and no articles will be admitted 
after April 19, 1876. 

8. Space assigned to Foreign Commissions and not occupied on the 26th of 
April, 1876, will revert to the Director-General for re-assignment. 

9. If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the 
exhibitor, and they will be excluded from the examination by the International 
Juries. 

10. An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions,—viz., 
English, French, German and Spanish. The sale of Catalogues is reserved to the 
Centennial Commission. 

11. Foreign Commissions may publish Catalogues of their respective sections. 

12. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. 

A limited quantity of steam and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. 
The quantity of each will be settled definitively at the time of the allotment of 
space. Any power required by the exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be 
furnished by the Centennial Commission at a fixed price. Demands for such 
excess of power must also be settled at the time of the allotment of space. 


i6 


13. Exhibitors must provide at their own cost all show-cases, shelving, counters, 
fittings, etc., which they may require; and all countershafts, with their pulleys, 
belting, etc., for the transmission of power from the main shafts in the Machinery 
Hall. All arrangements of articles and decorations must be in conformity with 
the general plan adopted by the Director-General. 

Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can 
only be made upon the written approval of the Director-General. 

The Centennial Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of 
all objects in the Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or 
loss of any kind, or for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. 

14. Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors or Foreign Com¬ 
missions may insure their own goods. 

15. Foreign Commissions may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard 
their goods during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments 
of such watchmen will be subject to the approval of the Director-General. 

Foreign Commissions, or such agents as they may designate, shall be 
responsible for the receiving, unpacking and arrangement of objects as well as for 
their removal at the close of the Exhibition; but no person shall be permitted to 
act as such agent until he can give to the Director-General written evidence of his 
having been approved by the proper Commission. 

16. Each package must be addressed “ To the Commission for [Name of Country -] 
at the International Exhibition of 1876, Philadelphia, United States of America,” 
and should have at least two labels affixed to different but not opposite sides of 
each case, and giving the following information :— 

17. (1) The country from which it comes; (2) name or firm of the exhibitor; 
(3) residence of the exhibitor; (4) department to which objects belong; (5) total 
number of packages sent by that exhibitor; (6) serial number of that particular 
package. 

18. Within each package should be a list of all objects. 

19. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the 
Exhibition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost 
and risk of whomsoever it may concern. 

20. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, 
nostrums and empirical preparations, whose ingredients are concealed, will not be 
admitted to the Exhibition. 

21. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the 
Exhibition. 

22. Sketches, drawings, photographs or other reproductions of articles exhibited, 
will only be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director- 
General ; but views of portions of the building may be made on the Director- 
General’s sanction. 

23. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove their 
effects, and complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then 
remaining will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or 
otherwise disposed of under the direction of the Centennial Commission. 




24. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes 
to keep the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. 

25. Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to “The 
Director-General, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.” 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these 
regulations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the 
Exhibition. 

John L. Campbell, Secretary. A. T. GOSHORN, Director-General. 


The information so far received from Foreign Governments indicates 
a strong interest on their part and a determination to send most complete 
and exhaustive exhibits of their products and manufactures. The United 
States is recognized as the largest customer for the articles produced by 
these nations, and it is not unreasonable to believe that there will be fully as 
complete a representation, if not greater, than has been seen at former 
International Exhibitions in Europe. Great Britain and Japan have already 
applied for double the space granted originally, and it is not improbable that 
other nations will do the same. From the great interest taken, it is certain 
that there will be a large number of visitors attracted by the opportunity 
given, not only to view the Exhibition, but also to travel through our 
country. Foreign Manufacturers will put forth their best efforts to secure 
the awards that will be offered, and thus we shall see the finest specimens 
ever brought together in the World. In Fine Arts it is fully expected that 
the Exhibition will be truly magnificent, and that we may have the privi¬ 
lege of beholding some of the best works of the Old Masters, and this 
fact alone should secure the attendance of thousands of our fellow citizens. 
Europeans will be afforded every facility for reaching this country in safety 
and comfort, early in the coming year; extra steamers will be added to the 
already popular American line, of which Messrs. Peter Wright & Co. are 
agents; and in addition to the present points of departure there will be 
steamers to Philadelphia from Havre, Hamburgh and Genoa. The estimates 
of the number of foreign visitors that maybe expected varies from thirty to 
one hundred thousand, requiring in the latter case a fleet of not less than 
one hundred and fifty first-class steamers. Most complete arrangements for 
the comfort and care of our foreign visitors are now being effected under 
the experienced supervision of Mr. Jenkins, of the well-known firm of Cook, 
Son & Jenkins, of London, Paris, New York and Philadelphia. As is well- 
known, these gentlemen have had charge of the visitors to all former Exhi¬ 
bitions, and in London lodged seven thousand on one occasion all on the 
same night. Foreigners coming via New York will find every possible 
'arrangement made for rapid transit over the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
trains running through in two hours and arriving on the grounds of the 
Exhibition. Visitors from China, Japan, Australia and the islands of the 
Pacific, landing at San Francisco, will arrive without change of cars at the 
same terminus, and goods for exhibition will be delivered with less handling 
than at any former International Exhibition. From all these facts it would 
appear that the Foreign department of the Exhibition would be most 
complete and attractive. 



Probablf area that will be covered bt the Ph ilad^ Exposi tion of 1876 . 75 Acres 


Vienna. all courts covered also Machinery. Fine Arts and Agricultural 
Departments - 56 &Acres 


Vienna, no courts covered 


38 4 Acres 


Paris 1867 


31 Acres 


London 18 61 

25 jLAcRES 


LONDON 1851 

2 3 jyAcRES 



Paris 1855 


2Z tfc-ACRES 


E NOLAN D 18 51 WITHOUT GALLERIES, 18 ft AcRES 



COMPARATIVE SIZE OF BUILDINGS. 




















































'9 


THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS. 

The grounds of this Exhibition are larger and better adapted for the purpose 
in every particular than those of any former one. This was the opinion of the 
Baron Schwarz-Senborn, the Director of the Vienna Exhibition, in a comparison 
with all former exhibitions. 

The great Park of Philadelphia on which the buildings are located embraces 
3,000 acres of ground, lying along the western border of the city. This magnifi¬ 
cent tract of land is watered by a broad river, navigable for pleasure and traffic, 
but entirely subordinate in its item of traffic to the pleasure of the visitors the 
whole tract, land and river, being in the exclusive control of the Park and 
Centennial Commission. 

To the citizens of the Republic, and no less to strangers, the historic 
connections of the grounds lend their great interest. They have been the resort 
of the most prominent men of the Revolution; they were the scene of one of the 
most skillful of Lafayette’s actions in the Revolution, and had their share in the 
battle of Germantown. The mansions in which Baron Steuben, the organizer of 
the Revolutionary army, and Judge Peters, its Secretary of War, lived are still 
in perfect preservation. 

By every association and natural advantage the grounds seem as if set apart 
and preserved to fitly give place for the great celebration in honor of the Republic. 

The buildings are situated on the southwestern border of the river, a 
reservation exclusively for Exhibition purposes of 450 acres. The ground rises a 
hundred feet above the river level and extends in a plain to its western border. 
The buildings lie mainly in a group, separated by sufficient distances, and present 
from the elevations of the Park a magnificent sight. 

First in the foreground rise the long glass and iron walls of the Main 
Exhibition Building and the Machinery Hall-—4,000 feet of an almost continuous 
line of building. Next, the Art Gallery, displaying its doorways of bronze and 
open arcades and emblematic eagles, crowned with its dome and collossal figure 
of America. 

A stream glistens beyond, shadowed with lofty forest trees. On its further 
side, bold and clear in the sunlight, the Grand Conservatory rises, overlooking 
from its tropic palms and orangeries the green meadows where the Schuylkill 
undulates through banks of flowers. Back from these, beyond a grove of cedars in 
harmony with its Gothic character, is the Building for Agriculture, having for its 
background the high hills memorable from the Revolution. 

COMPARATIVE SIZE OF BUILDINGS. 

That our readers may form some opinion as to the relative size of the space 
covered by the buildings of the United States International Exhibition, we give 
herewith a diagram of that occupied by all other World’s Fairs, by which it will be 
’ seen that there is every probability of a larger space being under cover than ever 
before. This is due, however, to the fact that here the Exhibition is divided into 
several buildings, whereas heretofore the larger proportion of exhibits have been 
under one roof; still further, as several of our States and manufacturers propose 
to erect special edifices, in which collective exhibits will be made, and the processes 
of manufacturing shown, the total result is not likely to fall much below the 
estimate given herewith. 

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































21 


THE EXHIBITION BUILDINGS. 

The Main Buildings, erected by the Building Committee of the Centennial 
Board of Finance, for the uses of the Exhibition, are five in number, admirably 
located so that each is within easy distance of its neighbor, and so arranged that 
parties wishing to visit any one department, can by carriage or horse cars arrive 
directly at the gate opening into that department. This is a special advantage 
not heretofore available in European exhibitions. These buildings will be known 
as follows: I. Main Exhibition Building. II. Art Gallery. III. Machinery Hall. 
IV. Horticultural Building. V. Agricultural Building. In addition there will 
•probably be a special edifice erected for the exhibit made by the Government of 
the United States, which will, when completed, form the sixth of the Grand 
Exhibition Buildings. 


I. 


MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 


Engineer and Architect : Henry Pettit, Jos. M. Wilson. 


This building is in the form of a parallelogram, extending east and west 1,880 
feet in length, and north and south 464 feet in width. 

The larger portion of the structure is one story in height, and shows the main 
cornice upon the outside at 45 feet above the ground, the interior height being 70 
feet. At the centre of the longer sides are projections 416 feet in length, and in 
the centre of the shorter sides or ends of the building are projections 216 feet in 
length. In these projections, in the centre of the four sides, are located the main 
entrances, which are provided with arcades upon the ground floor, and central 
facades extending to the height of 90 feet. The East Entrance will form the 
principal approach from carriages, visitors being allowed to alight at the doors of 
the building under cover of the arcade. The South Entrance will be the 
principal approach for street cars, the ticket offices being located upon the line of 
Elm Avenue, with covered ways provided for entrance into the building itself. 
The Main Portal on the north side communicates directly with the Art 
Gallery, and the Main Portal on the west side gives the main passage way to 
the Machinery and Agricultural Halls. 

Upon the corners of the building there are four towers 75 feet in height, 
and between the towers and the central projections or entrances there is a lower 
roof introduced,'showing a cornice at 24 feet above the ground. 

In order to obtain a central feature for the building as a whole, the roof over 
the central part, for 184 feet square, has been raised above the surrounding portion, 
and four towers, 48 feet square, rising to 120 feet in height, have been introduced 
at the corners of the elevated roof. 

The areas covered are as follows : 

Ground Floor,.872,320 square feet. 20.02 acres 

Upper Floors in projections,. 37.344 , “ “ -85 

“ “ in towers, ... . 26,344 “ “ .60 


936,008 


21.47 





GROUND PLAN, MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 















































































































































































































































































































































































































































23 


GROUND PLAN. 

The general arrangement of the ground plan shows a central avenue or nave 
120 feet in width, and extending 1,832 feet in length. This is the longest avenue 
of that width ever introduced into an Exhibition Building. On either side of 
this nave there is an avenue 100 feet by 1,832 feet in length. Between the nave 
and side avenues are aisles 48 feet wide, and on the outer sides of the building 
smaller aisles 24 feet in width. 

In order to break the great length of the roof lines, three cross avenues or 
transepts have been introduced of the same widths and in the same relative 
positions to each other as the nave and avenues running lengthwise, viz: a central 
transept 120 feet in width by 416 feet in length, with one on either side of 100 
feet by 416 feet, and aisles between of 48 feet. 

The intersections of these avenues and transepts in the central portion of the 
building result in dividing the ground floor into nine open spaces free from 
supporting columns, and covering in the aggregate an area of 416 feet square. 
Four of these spaces are 100 feet square, four 100 feet by 120 feet, and the central 
space or pavilion 120 feet square. The intersections of the 48 feet aisles produce 
four interior courts 48 feet square, one at each corner of the central space. 

The main promenades through the nave and central transept are each 30 feet 
in width, and those through the centre of the side avenues and transepts 15 feet 
each. All other walks are 10 feet wide, and lead at either end to exit doors. 

The foundations consist of piers of masonry. 

The superstructure is composed of wrought iron columns which support 
wrought iron roof trusses. 

These columns are composed of rolled channel bars with plates riveted to 
the flanges. 

Lengthwise of the building the columns are spaced at the uniform distance 
apart of 24 feet. In the entire structure there are 672 columns, the shortest being- 
23 feet and the longest 125 feet in length. Their aggregate weight is 2,200,000 
pounds. 

The roof trusses are similar in form to those in general use for Depots and 
Warehouses, and consist of straight rafters with struts and tie-bars. 

The aggregate weight of iron in the roof trusses and girders is 5,000,000 
pounds. 

This building being a temporary construction, the columns and trusses are so 
designed that they may be easily taken down and erected again at another site. 

The sides of the building for the height of seven feet from the ground are 
finished with brickwork in panels between the columns. Above the seven feet, 
with glazed sash. Portions of the sash are movable for ventilation. 

The roof covering is of tin upon sheathing boards. 

The ground flooring is of plank upon sills resting upon the ground, with no 
open space underneath. 

All the corners and angles of the building upon the exterior are accentuated 
by galvanized iron octagonal turrets, which extend the full height of the building 
from the ground level to above the roof. These turrets at the corners of the 
towers are surmounted with flag staffs, at other places with the national eagle. 


24 


The national standard with appropriate emblems is placed over the centre of 
each of the four main entrances. Over each of the side entrances is placed a 
trophy showing the national colors of the country occupying that part of the 
building. 

At the vestibules forming part of the four main entrances variegated brick 
and tile have been introduced. 

The building stands nearly due east and west, and is lighted almost entirely 
by side light from the north and south sides. 

Louvre ventilators are introduced over the central nave and each of the avenues. 

Skylights are introduced over the central aisles. 

Small balconies, or galleries of observation, have been provided in the four 
central towers of the building at the heights of the different stories. 1 hese will 
orm attractive places from which excellent views of the whole interior may be 
obtained. 

A complete system of water supply with ample provision of fire cocks, etc., 
is provided for protection against fire, and for sanitary purposes. 

Offices for Foreign Commissions are placed along the sides of the building in 
the side aisles, in close proximity to the products exhibited ; as many of the 24- 
feet spaces being partitioned off for that purpose as may be required. 

Offices for the administration may be placed in the ends of the building and 
on the second floor. 

The form of the building is such that all exhibitors will have an equally fair 
opportunity to exhibit their goods to advantage. There is comparatively little 
choice of location necessary, as the light is uniformly distributed and each of the 
spaces devoted to products is located upon one of the main thoroughfares. 

The Departments of the Classification will be placed in parallel sections 
running lengthwise of the building, from east to west, and will be wider or 
narrower in proportion to the bulk of the articles exhibited. 

The countries exhibiting will be located geographically, in sections running 
crosswise of the building, from north to south. 

This building will cost $1,600,000, and is to be completed and placed in the 
hands of the Centennial Commission on the 1st of January, 1876. 

Contractor: RICHARD J. DOBBINS, Philadelphia. 


II. 

THE ART GALLERY AND MEMORIAL HALL. 

Architect: H. J. Schwarzmann. 

This structure, which is one of the affixes to the great Exhibition, is located 
on a line parallel with and northward of the Main Exhibition Building. 

It is on the most commanding portion of the great Lansdowne Plateau 
and looks southward over the city. 

It is elevated on a terrace six feet above the general level.of the plateau_the 

plateau itself being an eminence 116 feet above the surface of the Schuylkill River. 

The entire structure is in the modern Renaissance. The materials are granite, 
glass, and iron. No wood is used in the construction, and the building is thoroughly 
fireproof. The structure is 365 feet in length, 210 feet in width, and 59 feet in 
height, over a spacious basement 12 feet in height, surmounted by a dome. 


t 





















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































2 6 


DETAILS. 

Exterior— x. The Main Front. —The main front looks southward; it 
displays three distinctive features : 

First. A main entrance in the centre of the structure consisting of three 
colossal arched doorways of equal dimensions. 

Second. A pavilion at each end. 

Third. Two arcades connecting the pavilions with the centre ; central section, 
95 feet long, 72 feet high; pavilions, 45 feet long, 60 feet high; arcades, each 90 
feet long, 40 feet high. 

The front or south face of the central section displays a rise of thirteen steps 
to the entrance 70 feet wide. The entrance is by three arched doorways, each 40 
feet high and 15 feet wide, opening into a hall. Between the arches of the door¬ 
ways are clusters of columns terminating in emblematic designs illustrative of 
science and art. 

The doors, which are of iron, are relieved by bronze panels, having the coats 
of-arms of all the States and Territories. 

In the centre of the main frieze is the United States coat-of-arms. 

The main cornice is surmounted by a balustrade with candelabras. At either 
end is an allegorical figure representing science and art. 

The dome rises from the centre of the structure to the height of 150 feet 
from the ground. It is of glass and iron and of a unique design; it terminates 
in a colossal bell—from which the figure of Columbia rises with protecting hands. 

A figure of colossal size stands at each corner of the base of the dome. 
These figures typify the four quarters of the globe. 

Each pavilion displays a window 30 feet high and 12 feet wide; it is also 
ornamented with tile work, wreaths of oak and laurel, 13 stars in the frieze, and 
a colossal eagle at each of its four corners. 

The arcades, a general feature in the old Roman villas but entirely novel here, 
are intended to screen the long walls of the gallery. 

These each consist of five groined arches—these arcades form promenades 
looking outward over the grounds and inward over open gardens, which extend 
back to the main wall of the building. These garden plats are each 90 feet long 
and 36 feet deep, ornamented in the centre with fountains and designed for the 
display of statuary. A stairway from the gardens reaches the upper line of these 
arcades, forming a second promenade 35 feet above the ground. Its balustrade 
is ornamented with vases, and is designed ultimately for statues. The cornices, 
the atticas, and the crestings throughout are highly ornamented. 

The walls of the east and west sides of the structure display the pavilions and 
the walls of the picture galleries, and are relieved by five niches designed for 
statues, the frieze is richly ornamented—above it the central dome shows to great 
advantage. 

The rear or north front is of the same general character as the main front, 
but in place of the arcade is a series of arched windows, twelve in number, with 
an entrance in the centre; in all, thirteen openings above, in an unbroken line, 
extending the entire length of the structure; between the pavilions is the grand 
balcony—a promenade 275 feet long and 45 feet wide, and elevated 40 feet above 
the ground, overlooking northward the whole panorama of the park grounds. 


GROUND PLAN—ART GALLERY. 




















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































27 


The main entrance opens on a hall 82 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 53 feet 
high, decorated in the modern Renaissance style; on the farther side of this hall, 
three doorways, each 16 feet wide and 25 feet high, open into the centre hall: 
this hall is 83 feet square, the ceiling of the dome rising over it 80 feet in height. 

From its east and west sides extend the galleries, each 98 feet long, 88 feet 
wide, and 35 feet in height. These galleries admit of temporary divisions for the 
more advantageous display of paintings. The centre hall and galleries form one 
grand hall 287 feet long and 85 feet wide, capable of holding eight thousand 
persons, nearly twice the dimensions of the largest hall in the country. From 
the two galleries doorways open into two smaller galleries, 28 feet wide and 89 
feet long. These open north and south into private apartments which connect 
with the pavilion rooms, forming two side galleries 210 feet long. Along the 
whole length of the north side of the main galleries and central hall extends a 
corridor 14 feet wide, which opens on its north line into a series of private rooms, 
thirteen in number, designed for studios and smaller exhibition rooms. 

All the galleries and central hall are lighted from above; the pavilions and 
studios are lighted from the sides. The pavilions and central hall are designed 
especially for the exhibition of sculpture. 

This Building will cost $1,500,000 and is to be completed on January 1st, 
1876. 

Contractor: R. J. DOBBINS, Philadelphia. 


SPECIAL REGULATIONS 

Governing the Exhibition of FINE ARTS at the International Exhibition 
of Eighteen Hundred and Seventy-six, at Philadelphia. 

First —The Exhibition will be opened on the 10th day of May, 1876, and 
closed on the 10th day of November following. 

Second —Works of Art will be admitted for exhibition, whether previously 
exhibited or not. 

Third —Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto must be 
conducted with the Commission of the country of which the applicant is a citizen. 

Fourth —No charge will be made for space. 

Fifth —The admission of foreign works of Art to the Exhibition, except those 
referred to in Rule IX, will be left to the Commissions appointed by the respective 
governments. 

Sixth —Foreign packages for this department must be marked “ Art Depart¬ 
ment,” and addressed to the Commission for (name of Country) International 
Exhibition, Philadelphia, U. S. A. 

Seventh —The works of foreign artists will be placed in the care of the 
Commission of the country to which they belong. 

Eighth —Works of foreign artists, belonging to residents of the United States, 
will be admitted, on the approval of the Committee of Selection, for exhibition in 
a special gallery. 


\ 




28 


Ninth —Foreign Commissions will transmit to the Director-General prior to 
March ist, 1876, information concerning the works of Art to be exhibited by their 
citizens that may be necessary for the preparation of the Official Catalogue. 

Tenth —The installation of works of Art admitted to the Exhibition will be 
under the supervision of the Commissions of the country to which they belong. 

Eleventh —All works of Art must be of a high order of merit, and those 
produced by citizens of the United States will be admitted to the Exhibition only 
on the approval of the Committee of Selection. 

Twelfth —Packages forwarded by exhibitors in the United States, for 
admission to this department, must be marked “Art Department, International 
Exhibition, Philadelphia.” There must be also attached to the outside and inside 
of each package a label giving the name and address of the exhibitor, and the title 
and number of articles in the package. 

Thirteenth —All pictures, whether round or oval, should be placed in square 
frames. Excessive breadth in frames or projecting mouldings should be avoided. 
Shadow boxes will not be allowed to project more than one inch beyond the frame. 
Glass over Oil Paintings will not be permitted. 

Fourteenth —Works of Art intended for sale will be so designated in the 
Official Catalogue. 

Fifteenth— All works of Art must be in Philadelphia prior to April ist, 1876, 
and after having been admitted under the rules shall not be removed before the 
close of the Exhibition. 

Sixteenth —Each person presenting works of Art for admission, thereby agrees 
to comply with the special rules established for this department and the general 
rules for the government of the Exhibition. 


John L. Campbell, 


March ist, /S/j. 


Secretary. 


A. T. GOSHORN, 

Director- Genera/. 




III. 

MACHINERY HALL 


Engineer and Architect: Henry Pettit, Jos. M. Wilson. 

This structure is located west of the intersection of Belmont and Elm 
Avenues, at a distance of 542 feet from the west front of the Main Exhibition 
Building, and 274 feet from the north side of Elm Avenue. The north front of 
the Building will be upon the same line as that of the Main Exhibition Building, 
thus presenting a frontage of 3,824 feet from the east to the west ends of the 
Exhibition Buildings upon the principal avenue within the grounds. 

1 he building consists of the Main Hall, 360 feet wide by 1,402 feet long, 
and an annex on the south side of 208 feet by 210 feet. The entire area covered 
by the Main Hall and annex is 558,440 square feet or 12.82 acres. Including the 
upper floors the building provides 14 acres of floor space. 


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3 ° 


The principal portion of the structure is one story in height, showing the 
main cornice upon the outside at 40 feet from the ground, the interior height to 
the top of the ventilators in the avenues being 70 feet, and in the aisles 40 feet. 
To break the long lines upon the exterior, projections have been introduced upon 
the four sides, and the main entrances finished with facades, extending to 78 feet 
in height. The east entrance will form the principal approach from street-cars, 
from the Main Exhibition Building, and from the railroad depot. Along the 
south side will be placed the boiler houses and such other buildings for special 
kinds of machinery as may be required. The west entrance affords the most 
direct communication with George’s Hill, the point affording the best view of 
the entire Exhibition grounds. 


GROUND PLAN. 

The arrangement of the ground plan shows two main avenues, 90 feet wide 
by 1,360 feet long, with a central aisle between and an aisle on either side. Each 
aisle is 60 feet in width; the two avenues and three aisles making the total width 
of 360 feet. At the centre of the building is a transept of 90 feet in width, 
which at the south end is prolonged beyond the Main Hall. This transept begin¬ 
ning at 36 feet from the Main Hall and extending 208 feet, is flanked on either 
side by aisles of 60 feet in width, and forms the annex for hydraulic machines. 
The promenades in the avenues are 15 feet in width ; in the transept 25 feet, and 
in the aisles 10 feet. All other walks extending across the building are 10 feet in 
width, and lead at either end to exit doors. 

CONSTRUCTION. 

The foundations consist of piers of masonry. The superstructure consists of 
solid timber columns supporting roof trusses, constructed with straight wooden 
principals and wrought iron ties and struts. As a general rule the columns are 
placed lengthwise of the building, at the uniform distance apart of 16 feet. The 
columns are 40 feet high to the heel block of the 90 feet span roof trusses over the 
avenues, and they support the heel of the 60 feet spans over the aisles, at the height 
of 20 feet. The outer walls are built of masonry to a height of 5 feet, and above 
that are composed of glazed sash placed between the columns. Portions of the 
sash are movable for ventilation. Louvre ventilators are introduced in continuous 
lengths over both the avenues and the aisles. The building is lit entirely by side 
light, and stands lengthwise nearly east and west. 

SHAFTING. 

The building admits of the most complete system of shafting, the facilities 
in this respect being very superior. Eight main lines may be introduced, 
extending almost the entire length of the structure, and counter-shafts introduced 
into the aisles at any point. The hangers will be attached either to the wooden 
horizontal ties of the 60 feet span roof trusses, or to brackets, especially designed 
for the purpose, projecting from the columns; in either case at the height of 
feet from the floor. 


20 


GROUND PLAN—MACHINERY HALL. 






























































































































































































































































































































32 

HYDRAULIC ANNEX. 


The annex for hydraulic machines contains a tank 60 feet by 106 feet, 
with depth of water of io feet. In connection with this it is expected that 
hydraulic machinery will be exhibited in full operation. At the south end of this 
tank will be a water fall, 35 feet high by 40 feet wide, supplied from the tank by 
the pumps upon exhibition. 

The Machinery Hall, which is to cost $792,000, will be completed by the 
first of October, 1875. 

Contractor: PHILIP QUIGLEY, Wilmington, Del. 


BUREAU OF MACHINERY. 


Chief of Bureau : John S. Albert. 

No Department of the Exhibition will be as closely scanned by foreigners as 
this. American invention in labor-saving machinery has done more in all foreign 
Expositions to indicate the progress of our country than all other Departments 
together and a careful analysis of the awards received by our citizens exhibiting 
abroad will prove this fact. Under these circumstances there should be in our 
Machinery Hall, not only duplicates of what has been before presented, but, 
in addition, a specimen of every practical invention connected with machinery 
known in the United States. If this one Department alone is made perfect , our 
foreign visitors will leave with very strong impressions not only of the great 
natural resources of the United States, but also of the ability of our mechanics 
to secure the greatest results from these resources at the least expense of time and 
labor. It has been estimated that sixteen lines of shafting, including hangers and 
couplings, will be required for driving the machinery in the Machinery Hall, each 
line of shafting to be six hundred and fifty feet in length, and to transmit one 
hundred and eighty horse power, to be applied at the middle of the shaft, the bearings 
to be eight feet apart. There will be twelve lengths of this shafting to run at 
a speed of one hundred and twenty revolutions, and four lengths to run at a 
speed of two hundred and forty revolutions per minute; the diameter of the shafts, 
exclusive of “head” and “second” shafts, will be 3 and 2 X / Z inches respectively. 



33 


The Machinery Hall and its Rapid Progress. 


All visitors to the Centennial Grounds have been impressed with the 
wonderful rapidity with which this immense work has been pushed to 
completion, including fourteen acres of floor space under cover. It was 
commenced on April 13th. On July 5th there will be ample accommodation 
within its walls for 50,000 people, and before October 1st it will be turned 
over to the Building Committee complete. This great success is due to 
the energy and thorough system of Mr. Philip Quigley, of Wilmington, 
the contractor. For the information of the reader we have secured the 
following details relative to this building, to complete which requires 

5,000,000 feet of Lumber. Sawed Lumber supplied by Churchman 
Bro’s, Wilmington, Del. 

500,000 pounds of Cast Iron ; 750,000 pounds Wrought Iron. Manu¬ 
factured by Pusey, Jones & Co., Wilmington, Del. 

20,000 pounds of Nails and Spikes. 

700,000 square feet of Tin Roofing. 

175,000 square feet of double thick, first quality American Glass, the 
weight being 150,000 pounds, and the average size of panes being 24x32. 
Manufactured at the Cohansey Works, Bridgeton, New Jersey. 

6,000 perch of Stone, weighing 15,000,000 pounds. 

The Glazed Sash is furnished by Springer, Morley & Gause, Wilming¬ 
ton, Del. 

The daily average of men employed is 225. Mr. Quigley has given 
his personal superintendence to the entire work, which will naturally 
account for the promptness and thoroughness with which it has been 
carried through. 

The arrangements already completed for the exhibition of Machinery indicates 
that this Department will present a most perfect representation of American 
invention and enterprise. There will be a very large and complete collection of 
steam pumps, and in the annex devoted to that purpose there will be a fall of 
water 35 feet in height. In the transept of this building will be placed a fountain 
and a large Corliss Steam Engine. Among the applications already made, those 
for printing presses, iron and wood-working machinery are the most extensive. 


























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































35 


IV. 

HORTICULTURAL HALL 

Architect: H. J. Schwarzmann. 

The liberal appropriations of the City of Philadelphia have provided the 
Horticultural Department of the Exhibition with an extremely ornate and 
commodious building, which is to remain in permanence as an ornament of 
Fairmount Park. It is located on the Lansdowne Terrace, a short distance north 
ot the Main Building and Art Gallery, and has a commanding view of the 
Schuylkill River and the northwestern portion of the city. The design is in the 
Mauresque style of architecture of the twelfth century, the principal materials 
externally being iron and glass. The length of the building is 383 feet; width, 
193 feet, and height to the top of the lantern, 72 feet. 

The main floor is occupied by the central conservatory, 230 by 80 feet, anti 
55 feet high, surmounted by a lantern 170 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 14 feet high. 
Running entirely around this conservatory, at a height of 20 feet from the floor, 
is a gallery 5 feet wide. On the north and south sides of this principal room are 
four forcing houses for the propagation of young plants, each of them 100 by 30 
feet, covered with curved roofs of iron and glass. Dividing the two forcing 
houses in each of these sides is a vestibule 30 feet square. At the centre of the east 
and west ends are similar vestibules, on either side of which are the restaurants, 
reception room, offices, etc. From the vestibules ornamental stairways lead to the 
internal galleries of the conservatory, as well as to the four external galleries, 
each roo feet long and 10 feet wide, which surmount the roofs of the forcing 
houses. These external galleries are connected with a grand promenade, formed 
by the roofs of the rooms on the ground floor, which has a superficial area of 1,800 
square yards. 

The east and west entrances are approached by flights of blue-marble steps 
from terraces 80 by 20 feet, in the centre of each of which stands an open kiosque 
20 feet in diameter. The angles of the main conservatory are adorned with eight 
ornamental fountains. The corridors which connect the conservatory with the 
surrounding rooms open fine vistas in every direction. 

In the basement, which is of fire-proof construction, are the kitchen, store¬ 
rooms, coal houses, ash-pits, heating arrangements, etc. Near this principal 
building will be a number of structures, such as Victoria Regia House, Domestic 
and Tropical Orchard Houses, a Grapery, and similar Horticultural buildings. 
The surrounding grounds will be arranged for out-door planting, and it is expected 
that an imposing and instructive display will be made. It is proposed to plant, 
among other things, representative trees of all parts of the Continent, so that side 
by side the visitor may see the full variety of the forest products and fruits of the 
country, from the firs of the extreme north, to the oranges and bananas of Florida, 
and the wondrous grapes and other fruits of California. In this great work it is 
important that the most perfect success should be achieved, so that vastness of 
territory, variety of product, and perfection of species, which constitute the 
marvel and the might of America, may be displayed in such a way as to be realized 
at a glance. This building is to cost $251,937. 

Contractor: JOHN RICE, Philadelphia. 


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37 


BUREAU OF HORTICULTURE. 

CIRCULAR. 


The Centennial Commission, anticipating the demands that will be made for 
a proper representation in the Horticultural department of the International 
Exhibition of 1876, is making ample provision for all who wish to avail themselves 
of the opportunity thus offered. 

This department has been organized as one of the Bureaus of Administration 
of the Exposition, and will comprehend the Products, Appliances, and the Arts 
and Science of Horticulture. 

A prominent location has been assigned to this department. The Conserva¬ 
tory, occupying the centre in a space of over 40 acres, which will be laid out, and 
devoted to the accommodation of exhibitors, thus affording ample room and 
facilities for the display of tropical plants, and of every variety of garden 
decoration. 

It is the intention of the Commission to make it as complete as possible; 
hence every effort should be made in order to give a just evidence of the increased 
taste and the progress in Horticulture. 

The Exhibition will open on the 10th of May, and it is therefore necessary 
that those who desire to exhibit should make provision during the present season. 
The classification will more fully explain the arrangement adopted by the 
department. Application for space should be made as early as possible on the 
forms which will be provided by the department. 


Committee of the Centennial Commission on Horticulture. 


Thos. H. Caldwell, Jos. W. Haines, G. W. Grant, C. F. Clarkson, 
John C. Chew, J. T. Bernard, F. C. Johnson, A. F. Lawrence. 


Resident Advisory Committee: 


John J. Smith, W. L. Shaffer, Robt. Buist, J. E. Mitchell, 

Thomas Meehan, Josiah Hoopes, C. W. Trotter, 

S. B. Parsons, Jas. Ritchie. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

Director- General. 

CHARLES H. MILLER, 

Chief of Bureau of Horticulture. 

WM. H. SUYDAM, 


Assistant. 



3 * 


SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION. 


HORTICULTURE. 

ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS AND ELOWERS. 

Class 700 .—Ornamental trees and shrubs. 

Class 701 .—Herbaceous perennial plants. 

Class 702 .—Bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants. 

Class 703 .—Decorative and ornamental foliage plants. 

Class 704.—Annuals and other soft-wooded plants, to be exhibited in 
successive periods during the season. 

Class 705 .—Roses. 

Class 706 .—Cactacea. 

Class 707 .—Ferns, their management in the open air, and in ferneries, 
wardian cases, etc. 

Class 708 .—New plants with statement of their origin. 

Class 709 .—Floral designs, etc. Cut flowers, bouquets, preserved 
flowers, leaves, sea-weeds. Illustrations of plants and 
flowers. Materials for floral designs. Bouquet materials, 
bouquet holders, bouquet papers, models of fruits, vegeta¬ 
bles and flowers. 

. HOT-HOUSES. CONSERVATORIES, GRAPERIES, 

AND THEIR MANAGEMENT. 

Class 710 .—Hot-house and conservatory plants. 

Class 711 .—Fruit trees under glass. 

Class 712 .—Orchids and parasitic plants. 

Class 713 .—Forcing and propagation of plants. 

Class 714 .—Aquatic plants under glass, or in aquaria, etc. 

Class 715 .—Horticultural buildings, propagating houses, hot-beds, etc., 
and modes of heating them. Structures for propagating 
and forcing small fruits. 



39 


C lass 716. Portable or movable orchard houses and graperies, without 


artificial heat. Frames, beds. 


GARDEN TOOLS, ACCESSORIES OF GARDENING. 


Class 720.—Tools and implements. Machines for the transplanting of 
trees, shrubs, etc. Portable forcing pumps, for watering 
plants in green houses and methods of watering the garden 
and lawn. 


Class 721.—Receptacle for plants.—Flower pots, plant boxes, tubs, 
fern cases, jardinieres, etc. Window gardening. Plant 
and flower stands, ornate designs in iron, wood and wire. 


Class 


722.—Ornamental wire work, viz: fences, gates, trellis bordering 
of flower beds, porches. Park seats, chairs, garden stat¬ 
uary, vases, fountains, etc. Designations, labels, numbers. 


GARDEN DESIGNING, CONSTRUCTION, 

AND MANAGEMENT. 

Class 730.—Laying out gardens,—designs for the laying out of gardens, 
and the improvement of private residences. Designs for 
commercial gardens, nurseries, graperies. Designs for the 
parterre. 

Class 731.—Treatment of water for ornamental purposes, cascades, 
fountains, reservoirs, lakes. 

Class 732.— Formation and after treatment of lawns. 

Class 733.—Garden construction, buildings, etc.—Rock work, grottoes. 

Rustic constructions and adornments for private gardens 
and public grounds. 

Class 734.—Planting, fertilizing, and cultivating. 











































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































4i 


AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 

Architect: James H. Windrim. 

I his structure will stand north of the Horticultural Building, and on the 
eastern side of Belmont Avenue. It will illustrate a novel combination of 
materials, and is capable of erection in a few months. Its materials are wood and 
glass. It consists of a long nave crossed by three transepts, both nave and 
transept being composed of Howe truss arches of a Gothic form. The nave is 
826 feet in length by 100 feet in width, each end projecting 100 feet beyond the 
square of the building, with a height of 75 feet from the floor to the point of the 
arch. The central transept is of the same height, and a breadth of 100 feet; the 
two end transepts 70 feet high and 80 feet wide. 

1 he four courts inclosed between the nave and transepts, and also the four 
spaces at the corners of the building, having the nave and end transepts for two 
of their sides, will be roofed and form valuable spaces for exhibits. Thus the 
ground plan of the building will be a parallelogram of 465 by 630 feet, covering 
a space of seven and one quarter acres. In its immediate vicinity will be the stock 
yards for the exhibition of horses, cattle, sheep, swine, poultry, etc. 


BUREAU OF AGRICULTURE. 

CIRCULAR. 

1 he Centennial Commission, realizing the importance of the Agricultural 
interests of the United States, and anticipating the demands that will be made for 
a proper representation in the International Exhibition of 1876, is making ample 
provision for the accommodation of this department. 

It has been organized as one of the Bureaus of Administration of the Exhi¬ 
bition, and will comprehend the native and cultivated Products of the Soil, and 
of objects more directly derived therefrom, Agricultural Machinery and Farm 
Appliances. 

The Building, most eligibly located in Fairmount Park, will cover seven acres. 
I here will be provided, also, ample and suitable accommodations for the shelter 
and display ot Live Stock, which it is intended shall be exhibited during the 
months of September and October. 

The Exhibition will open on the 10th of May, 1876, and it is therefore 
necessary that those who desire to exhibit cereals, forage-plants and tubers should 
make their preparations during the present season. 

This exhibition being International, will bring together for comparison the 
best products from every quarter of the globe;—hence every effort should be 
made to give just evidence of the capacity of the varied climates, soils, skill in 
tillage, and the character of the live stock of the United States; whilst the 
Mechanical aids to Agriculture should exhibit ingenuity, excellence of workman¬ 
ship, and adaptation to desired ends. The classification will more fully make 
manifest the arrangement and comprehensiveness of this department. Applica¬ 
tions for space should be made as early as practicable, on the forms which will be 
furnished by the Chief of this Bureau. 

The prompt co-operation of State, County and other Agricultural organiza¬ 
tions, as well as of all individuals interested in the practice of Rural Science, 
Stock-breeding and Forestry, is earnestly solicited. 




•n. .|iiit(> 





AGRICULTURAL BUILDING.—GROUN D PLAN. 



































































































































































































43 


Committee of the Centennial Commission on Agriculture. 


Robert Lowry, 
Eldridge W. Little, 


N. C. Meeker, Lawrence Weldon, 

Robert Mallory, 

Andrew J. Dufur, William Gurney. 


Resident Advisory Committee. 


A. L. Kennedy, M. D., 
Wm. B. Roberts, 
George Blight, 
George I. Young, 


Horace J. Smith, 

Jacob R. Eby, 

William Brice, 
Charles L. Sharpless, 
Samuel C. Willits. 


Charles R. King, M.D., 
Lewis Weldin, 
Thaddeus Norris, 

John I. Bishop, 


A. T. GOSHORN, 

BURNET LANDRETH, Director-General. 

Chief of Bureau of Agriculture. 


AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 

GROUND PLAN. 

The arrangement of the Ground Plan shows four main avenues, one 
running north and south through the centre of the building, 786 feet 
long by 70 wide. The three remaining avenues run east and west, one 
through the centre of the building and one at each end of it, distant 
from said ends 25 feet; the former is 472 feet long by 60 wide, and the two 
latter 472 feet long by 30 wide. The building is divided by the above avenues 
into four sections, and each section has three aisles 18 feet wide by 184 feet long, 
extending through it and opening into the main north and south avenue 
at one end, and into the side passage ways at the other. The four main 
avenues, with the twelve aisles, form a most admirable arrangement by 
which the exhibitor can display and the visitor observe the various articles 
exhibited. Each section contains four spaces, 184 feet long by 42 wide, 
for the exhibition of goods, making sixteen in all, covering 117,760 square 
feet of ground. There are besides this, spaces at the ends and sides of the 
building, which can be used either for wall or floor exhibits. The main 
north and south avenue, being 70 feet wide, is specially adapted for the 
display of all varieties of small fruits, etc., etc. 

The Agricultural Bureau is making thorough provision for the recep¬ 
tion and display of Agricultural Machinery and Implements, and a section 
of Agricultural Hall will be set aside for this purpose. Arrangements will 
be made by which exhibitors of Agricultural Machinery can be furnished 
with steam power and all the necessary appliances for driving such machines 
as may require it. The reception of articles within the Hall commences on 
January 5th, 1876, and ends on April 19th. In this buildingthere will also 
be a display of all the products of the Forest, both in primary and secondary 


I 



44 


form ; and it is proposed that the bark of one or more of the giant trees of 
California be taken off the trunk in segments and sections, to be placed on 
arrival on a skeleton frame of the same dimensions as the original. Agri¬ 
cultural Hall having an elevation of seventy-five feet, will give room for at 
least a partial exhibit of one of these monster trees. In addition to the 
above there will also be an exhibit of Timber in all forms ; as samples of 
masts and spars; knees and square timber; planks and boards showing 
unusual breadth and character of cell and fibre. In brief, every description, 
quality and form of wood used in construction and decoration. Another 
and very important display in this building will be that of the Fruits of our 
varied climates, and also those of more northern and tropical regions. 
Many of the more perishable fruits will be exhibited in models of plaster and 
wax. The classification and arrangement of location of fruits sent for ex¬ 
hibition, will be according to their species and variety; all of a similar 
character being assembled together; thus all grapes, from whatever source, 
will be placed in.one position, the same with apples, pears, and the entire 
list of cultivated and wild fruits and nuts. 

These will be required, in addition to these buildings, a number of smaller 
structures for the administration of the Exhibition, all of which are now being 
designed with a view to their early erection. The preparation of the grounds 
allotted to the Commission in Fairmount Park and the construction of the various 
buildings are far advanced, and will be vigorously urged forward. Although the 
erection of the buildings and the grading of the Park were not commenced until 
July, 1874, the progress made to this date insures their timely completion on a- 
scale and in a manner that will answer the requirements of the Exhibition in every 
particular. 

Besides the Exhibition buildings proper, numerous applications have been 
made by manufacturers and by the Commissions of foreign governments for 
permission to erect pavilions and various ornamental and useful structures within 
the Exhibition Grounds. A number of fountains, memorial statues, and other 
decorative objects are in preparation under the auspices of local organizations. 
These adjuncts will add essentially to the attractions of the Park. 

In addition to the above there will be erected a special building devoted to 
the exhibition of the various departments of our National and State Governments 
and also others erected by manufacturers, in which will be shown the various 
processes and the manufactured articles. 


GROUNDS OF THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, FAIRMOUNT 

PARK. 

H. J. SCHWARZ MAlfN, CH. ENG. CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 

The ground selected for the site of the Exhibition in Fairmount Park, con¬ 
taining 236 acres, is west of the Schuylkill River, and north of Girard and Elm 
Avenues, on a plateau go feet above the river, heretofore known as Lansdowne. 
The boundaries of the exhibition are: South, Elm Avenue from Forty-first to 


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4 6 


Fifty-second Streets; west, the Park drive to George’s Hill, with the concourse; 
north, Belmont drive from George’s Hill to the foot of Belmont ; and east, 
Lansdowne drive from Belmont to Forty-first Street. The whole ol the Exhibi¬ 
tion being enclosed, thirteen entrances have been established along the boundan 
drive, which might be named after the thirteen original States, 
rst. The main approach for carriages and entrance at the east end ot the Main 
Building. 

2d. The central entrance between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, with 
the concourse for street cars and the approach from the Pennsylvania lailroad 
depot. 

3d. The entrance from George’s Hill. 

4th. The Belmont Avenue entrance at the intersection of the avenue with the 
Park Drive. 

5th. The Belmont entrance for visitors arriving on the Reading Railroad through 
Belmont Glen. 

6th. An entrance in Belmont Valley for visitors arriving in steamboats. 

7th. The east entrance in front of Horticultural Hall. 

8th. The Lansdowne Valley entrance for visitors arriving on the Junction Rail¬ 
road and by steamboats. 

9th. The entrance to the Art Gallery, the only carriage entrance it desirable. 

These entrances or gates will be ornamented and fitted up for the sale ot 
tickets with self-registering turnstiles. 

The proposed circuit drive necessitates changes in the present Park roads, 
which will be, at the same time, a long desired improvement ot the present Park 
Drive. In the place of Belmont Avenue the boundary avenue in George s Run 
will be opened and a connection can be made over the inclined plane with the 
River Road. 

The location of the buildings inside the enclosure is as follows: Main Exhi¬ 
bition Building occupies the most level territory with the Art Gallery north, 
elevated on a commanding plateau. The Machinery Hall occupies the next level 
portion, leaving a distance of 500 feet between each, required for the entrance ot 
the railroad tracks. The Horticultural Hall, most admirably situated, is in the 
centre of the grounds, containing sixteen acres, well sheltered and admirably 
adapted for horticultural purposes. Two bridges, over deep ravines, connect the 
Horticultural grounds north and south with the other building. The Agricultural 
Grounds (thirty acres) and Building, at the north, are also well located and the 
ground is likewise well adapted for its purpose. The Exhibition building of the 
United States Government is in the most central and prominent situation, with 
equal distance from all other buildings. 

Economy and adaptability of the territory have been the guiding points in 
the selection of the various locations. The main line of connection between the 
buildings are straight and correct; and, for the still greater convenience of 
visitors, it is proposed to have cars running on the same. The meadow ground 
between the main avenues, reserved for private exhibition building, will be treated 
in regular Park style, with walks and planting, to unite theTvhole into a handsome 
picture. Lakes and fountains, fine and rare specimens of trees and shrubs, statu¬ 
aries and vases, etc., etc., will be added to the ornamentation. 




























































47 


Special attention has been taken in locating the various walks and avenues to 
have a perfect drainage. Among the details of the proposed improvement we find 
the Terrace around the Art Gallery with its grand approach, the intersection 
between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, with the Offices of the Adminis¬ 
tration, the Fountain of the Catholic Total Abstinence .Society at the foot of 
George’s Hill, the Lake north of the Machinery Hall, and the Terrace and the 
grand Flower Parterre at the Horticultural Grounds. 

The following figures will be of interest in connection with the situation 
plan: 

Area of grounds, 236 acres. 

Lineal number ot feet of the enclosure, 16,000. 

Number of entrances, 13. 

1. Dimensions of Main Building, 1880 feet by 464, 20 acres. 

2. Art Gallery, 210 feet by 365 feet, acres. 

3. Machinery Hall, 360 feet by 1402 feet, 14 acres. 

4. Horticultural Hall, 160 feet by 350 feet, acres. 

5. Agricultural Hall, 540 feet by 820 feet, 10 acres. 

6. U. S. Government Exhibition Building, 360 feet by 300 feet, acres. 

7. Office for the Administration, 80 feet by 324 feet, ^ acre. 

Avenues and walks, 7 miles. 

Length of proposed horse railway, 4 miles. 

Average distance between the buildings, 550 feet. 

Length of railroad tracks inside the ground for the delivery of material and 
goods of every description, 3*4 miles. 

1 he main approaches from the city to the grounds are as follows: 

Over Girard Avenue bridge. Thirty-fifth Street to Girard Avenue, Fortieth 
and Forty-first Streets, Belmont Avenue and Fifty-second Street. The Pennsyl¬ 
vania Railroad connecting with all other roads at Belmont and Elm Avenues. The 
Junction Railroad and the Reading Railroad, connecting Richmond, German¬ 
town, Chestnut Hill and the upper portion of the city with the Exhibition. 

The steam navigation on the Schuylkill, capable of running boats through 
the locks, the Belmont Avenue and the River Road for the country north of the 
Exhibition. 


The entire control of the contracts for building the various edifices designed 
for the use of the International Exhibition, is in the hands of the 

BUILDING COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF FINANCE: 

Thomas Cochran, Chairman. 

John Baird, Wm. Sellers, 

Clement M. Biddle, Saml. M. Felton, 

Tames M. Rorb. 




INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION IB7(> 

PHILADELPHIA 


\ 

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A 


Situation Plan No 1 


MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING. 

Length, 1S80 feet. Width, 464 feet. 

ART GALLERY. 

Length, 365 feet. Width 210 feet. 

MACHINERY BUILDING. 

Length, 1402 feet. Width, 360 feet. 

HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. 

Length, 383 feet. Width, 193 feet. 

AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. 

Length, S20 feet. Width, 125 feet. 


f j„ City - - 


PHOTO-LITH BY TAYLOR 4 SMITH. 113 S. FOURTH ST„ ?HIUL 










































































































































47 


Special attention has been taken in locating the various walks and avenues to 
have a perfect drainage. Among the details of the proposed improvement we find 
the Terrace around the Art Gallery with its grand approach, the intersection 
between the Main Building and Machinery Hall, with the Offices of the Adminis¬ 
tration, the Fountain of the Catholic Total Abstinence Society at the foot of 
George s Hill, the Lake north of the Machinery Hall, and the Terrace and the 
grand Flower Parterre at the Horticultural Grounds. 

The following figures will be of interest in connection with the situation 
plan: 

Area of grounds, 236 acres. 

Lineal number ot feet of the enclosure, 16,000. 

Number of entrances, 13. 

1. Dimensions of Main Building, 1880 feet by 464, 20 acres 

2. Art Gallery, 210 feet by 365 feet, 114 acres. 

3. Machinery Hall, 360 feet by 1402 feet, 14 acres. 

4. Horticultural Hall, 160 feet by 350 feet, acres. 

5. Agricultural Hall, 540 feet by 820 feet, 10 acres. 

6. U. S. Government Exhibition Building, 360 feet by 300 feet, r acres. 

7. Office for the Administration, 80 feet by 324 feet, ^ acre. 

Avenues and walks, 7 miles. 

Length of proposed horse railway, 4 miles. 

Average distance between the buildings, 550 feet. 

Length of railroad tracks inside the ground for the delivery of material and 
goods of every description, 3*4 miles. 

1 he main approaches from the city to the grounds are as follows: 

Over Girard Avenue bridge. Thirty-fifth Street to Girard Avenue, Fortieth 
and forty-first Streets, Belmont Avenue and Fifty-second Street. The Pennsyl¬ 
vania Railroad connecting with all other roads at Belmont and Elm Avenues. The 
Junction Railroad and the Reading Railroad, connecting Richmond, German¬ 
town, Chestnut Hill and the upper portion of the city with the Exhibition. 

The steam navigation on the Schuylkill, capable of running boats through 
the locks, the Belmont Avenue and the River Road for the country north of the 
Exhibition. 


The entire control of the contracts for building the various edifices designed 
for the use of the International Exhibition, is in the hands of the 

BUILDING COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF FINANCE : 

Thomas Cochran, Chairman. 

John Baird, Wm. Sellers, 

Clement M. Biddle, Saml. M. Felton, 

Tames M. Robb. 



48 



GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION. 


EXECUTIVE ORDER BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Whereas it has been brought to the notice of the President of the 
United States that in the International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, 
and Products of the Soil and Mine, to be held in the City of Philadelphia, 
in the year 1876, for the purpose of celebrating the one hundredth 
anniversary of the Independence of the United States, it is desirable that 
from the Executive Departments of the Government of the United States 
in which there may be articles suitable for the purpose intended, there 
should appear such articles and materials as will, when presented in a 
collective exhibition, illustrate the functions and administrative faculties of 
the Government in time of peace and its resources as a war power, and 
thereby serve to demonstrate the nature of our institutions and their 
adaptation to the wants of the people. Now, for the purpose of securing 
a complete and harmonious arrangement of the articles and materials 
designed to be exhibited from the Executive Department of the Govern¬ 
ment, it is ordered that a Board, to be composed of one person to be named 
by the head of each of the Executive Departments which may have articles 
and materials to be exhibited, and also of one person to be named in behalf 
of the Smithsonian Institution, and one to be named in the behalf of the 
Department of Agriculture, be charged with the preparation, arrangement, 
















49 


and safe-keeping of such articles and materials as the heads of the several 
Departments and the Commissioner of Agriculture and the Director of the 
Smithsonian Institution, may respectfully decide shall be embraced in the 
collection; that one of the persons thus named, to be designated by the 
President shall be chairman of such Board and that the Board appoint from 
their own number such other officers as they may think necessary, and 
that the said Board when organized shall be authorized under the direction 
of the President to confer with the executive officers of the Centennial 
Exhibition in relation to such matters connected with the subject as may 
pertain to the respective departments having articles and materials on 
exhibition, and that the names of the persons thus selected by the heads 
of the several departments, the Commissioner of Agriculture, and the 
Director of the Smithsonian Institution, shall be submitted to the President 
for designation. 

By order of the President: 

(Signed) HAMILTON FISH, 

Secretary of State. 

Washington, January 2j, 1874. 


In accordance with the above order, the President appointed a Board 
composed of a representative from each of the Executive Departments of 
the Government, except the Department of State and the Attorney-General’s 
Department; but including the Department of Agriculture and the Smith¬ 
sonian Institution. The Board is composed as follows: 

War Department. —Col. C. S. Lyford (Chairman), Ordnance Bureau. 

Treasury Department. —Hon. R. W. Tayler, 1st Controller of the Treasury. 

Navy Department .—Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins, U S. Navy. 

Interior Department .— John Eaton, Commissioner of Education. 

Post-Office Department .— Dr. Chas. F. McDonald, Chief of Money Order 
Department. 

Agricultural Department .— Wm. Saunders, Superintendent of Propagating 
Garden. 

Smithsonian Institution. —Prof. S. F. Baird, Assistant Secretary of the Smith¬ 
sonian Institution and U. S. Fishery Commissioner. 

Wm. A. De Caindry, Secretary. 

Col. Joseph S. Conrad, U. S. A., Dish. Officer. 

By an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1875, an appropriation of 
$505,000 was placed at the disposal of the Board for the arrangement of 
this exhibition, $150,000 of which are to be expended in the erection of a 
special building for its accommodation. 





5 ° 


REPRESENTATION OF STATES. 

In January last the Director-General issued a circular letter addressed to the 
Governors of the several States and Territories, of which the following are the 
principal points: 

“It has already become manifest that a large proportion of the articles to be 
exhibited will be provided for in a creditable manner by the manufacturers and 
producers of the several States. But there remain large classes of objects whose 
collection is essential to a complete representation of the material and social 
condition of the community, yet which it is not to the interest or within the 
power of an individual to collect. Of this description are the unwrought natural 
resources of the land, such as minerals, soils, woods, vegetation, etc. It is so 
largely upon their wealth in this direction that the growth of States depends, that 
this department of the Exhibition will be critically studied by those interested in 
the problems of immigration and of the investment of capital. On merely 
economical grounds every State would do well to provide liberally for the thorough 
and exhaustive representation of the actual and possible products of its soil. 
Another department that should be inaugurated and prepared under the auspices 
of the State Governments is that which may be termed the historical and statis¬ 
tical. Unless done by official authority there will not be a complete presentation 
of such matters as the history of the early settlement of the State, its physical 
features, climate, geographical position, government, law and punishment of 
crime, system of State and municipal taxation, revenue and expenditures, benevo¬ 
lent institutions and charities, education, scientific, industrial, commercial, learned 
and religious societies, agricultural and manufacturing interests, the extent and 
effects of railroads and other means of transportation, the history and growth in 
population and wealth of the State. All these subjects, among others, ought to 
be so represented as to afford a summary view of the history, progress, and present 
condition of every State. Unless this is accomplished the Exhibition will 
seriously fail in that part of its purpose which contemplates a representation of 
the nation’s growth during the first century of its existence. 

“ Official resources only are adequate to the satisfactory execution of the 
task thus proposed. It is hoped, therefore, that each of the States, either by 
legislative action or otherwise, will adopt such measures as may be deemed 
necessary to empower existing organizations or agencies to be created to prepare 
an exhibition of its native resources and moral and political advancement as 
herein indicated. A collective representation of this character will not only be 
interesting as illustrating the prosperity of the country, but will also be of 
inestimable value, for preservation in the archives of the nation, as a correct history 
of the birth and progress of the several communities that have contributed during 
the century to the growth and strength of the Union of States.” 

The Governors of most of the States whose Legislatures have met since the 
issue of the foregoing letter recommended in their messages the adoption of its 
suggestions by the appointment of State Boards charged with the preparation of 
the Exhibition, and usually favored the passage of appropriations to be expended 


5 1 


for that purpose. The Legislatures of the States named in the subjoined list have 
created such boards and provided them with the sums named : 


Arizona 

. $ 5 000 

Massachusetts, 

$50 000 

Arkansas, 

5 000 

Montana, 

5 000 

Delaware, 

10 000 

Nevada (gold \ 

20 000 

Colorado, 

4 000 

New Jersey, 

10 000 

Illinois, 

10 000 

New York, 

25 000 

Indiana, 

0 

0 

0 

10 

Ohio, 

13 000 

Kansas, 

5 000 

Oregon, 

1 000 

Minnesota, 

500 

Pennsylvania, 

10 000 

Michigan, . 

7 5 00 

Wisconsin, 

3 000 

Other States, it i 

s understood, will 

make appropriations 

for the use of the 


Boards of Centennial Managers. Boards unprovided with any such material aid 
have been created in the following States: 

Alabama, California, Dakota, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Massachu¬ 
setts, Nebraska, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, 
Washington Territory. 

In addition to the appropriations in behalf of State Boards, New Jersey has 
subscribed $100,000 to the stock of the Centennial Board of Finance, Delaware, 
$10,000, and the City of Wilmington, Del., $5,000; Pennsylvania has subscribed, 
from time to time, without exacting stock in return, the sum of $1,010,000 in aid of 
the enterprise, and the City of Philadelphia $1,575,000. Thus it appears that the 
General, State and City Governments have in one way or another contributed 
toward the Centennial thus far about $3,200,000. 

In a number of the States these Boards are already efficiently at work. That 
of Iowa, to take an example, has arranged the several products of its State in 
thirty-two classes. To each class has been assigned an expert, who is to act as its 
secretary, to see that the products belonging to it are fully collected, to arrange 
them, and finally to supervise their shipment to Philadelphia. For instance, group 
thirty-two includes “all patents and useful inventions of the State,” and Mr. 
Thomas G. Orwig, the group secretary, has published an address through the 
Iowa press, in which he solicits every patentee to become an exhibitor, whether 
of the invention itself or of a working model, or of plans and specifications to be 
bound in volumes. Again, group seven contains “all wood-producing plants, with 
a section of all trees above six inches in diameter, and botany.” Professor 
Bessey, of the State Agricultural College, has charge of this group, and he 
publishes a detailed list of fifty-one trees and fifty-three shrubs known to the 
natives of Iowa, to which he invites additions of any plants that may have been 
omitted; and he also desires contributions of fine samples from all in a position 
to furnish them. Organizations generally resembling that of Iowa have been 
effected in many quarters, and their labors have sufficiently matured to show that 
from the lines of the Pacific railroads and from the mining regions of the Pacific 
Slope thoroughly representative exhibitions will be sent. The same may be 
observed of the States of the Northern Mississippi Valley. Somewhat singularly 
the least evidences of intelligent public action come from the New England 
States; although the individual manufacturers of them are alDjuite ready to secure 


52 


space for the display of their wares. The delay seems to arise from an impression 
that there is still “plenty of time.” But when it is remembered that the objects 
to be exhibited should be delivered at the buildings in January next, and that 
collective State exhibitions must, therefore, be gathered and classified during this 
summer and autumn, the fallacy of this notion is obvious. In an especial manner 
will States negligent in this matter be conspicuous by their absence; for a portion 
of the Exhibition will consist of a building for Agricultural Statistics, in which a 
separate chamber will be devoted to each State or Territory, and, whether filled, 
or half filled, or empty, will bear its name. It will be far from gratifying to 
visitors to find in the chamber of his State a beggarly expanse of bare walls; and 
the comparisons and comments will be by no means comfortable to the legislators 
and others whose negligence has occasioned the shortcoming. 


STATE ORGANIZATIONS. 


The United States Centennial Commission has invited the several States 
and Territories to appoint local Advisory Boards or Committees, to assist 
in securing a complete representation of the industries of their respective 
Districts in the International Exhibition of 1876. 

A number of Boards have been organized in accordance with this 
invitation. 

In States and Territories where such Boards do not exist, in order to 
secure their organization throughout the country without further delay, it 
is recommended that they consist of the Centennial Commissioner and 
Alternate, and not less than three other persons appointed by the Director- 
General with the advice and consent of the Commissioners of the State or 
Territory. 

It is hoped that a uniform system of co-operative Boards or Committees, 
organized in accordance with this suggestion, will excite local interest in the 
objects of the Exhibition, and thus greatly facilitate the work of the 
Commission. 

Upon the organization of each Board, an officer should be designated 
to conduct its correspondence with the Commission. 

The duty of the boards will be:— 

1st. To disseminate information regarding the Exhibition. 

2d. To secure the co-operation of industrial, scientific, agricultural, and 
other associations, in their Districts. 

3d. To appoint co-operative local committees, representing the different 
industries of their Districts. 

4th. To stimulate local action on all measures intended to render the 
Exhibition successful and a worthy representation of the industries 
of the country. 

5th. To encourage the production of articles suitable for exhibition. 

6th. To distribute documents issued by the Commission among the manu¬ 
facturers and others in their Districts interested in the Exhibition. 



53 


7th. To render assistance in furthering the financial and other interests of 
the Exhibition, and to furnish information to the Commission 
on subjects that may be referred to them. 

The Commission will aim to secure a high standard of quality in the articles 
exhibited, and a complete representation of the resources and industries of the 
country. To this end, there should be presented for exhibition the best products 
of each District, and especially those which are regarded as of a representative 
character. 

I he Boards are requested to report to the Director-General the progress of 
the work in their Districts. 

By order of the Executive Committee, 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

John L. Campbell, Director-General. 

Secretary. 

Philadelphia , August, 1874. 


SYSTEM OF AWARDS. 

First. —Awards shall be based upon written reports attested by the signatures 
of their authors. 

Second. —Two hundred judges shall be appointed to make such reports, one 
half of whom shall be foreigners and one-half citizens of the United States. 
They will be selected for their known qualifications and character, and will be 
experts in departments to which they will be respectively assigned. The foreign 
members of this body will be appointed by the Commission of each country and 
in conformity with the distribution and allotment to each, which will be hereafter 
announced. The Judges from the United States will be appointed by the 
Centennial Commission. 

Third. —The sum of one thousand dollars will be paid to each commissioned 
Judge for personal expenses. 

Fourth. —Reports and awards shall be based upon merit. The elements 
of merit shall be held to include consideration relating to originality, invention, 
discovery, utility, quality, skill, workmanship, fitness for the purposes intended, 
adaptation to public wants, economy and cost. 

Fifth. —Each report will be delivered to the Centennial Commission as soon 
as completed, for final award and publication. 

Sixth. —Awards will be finally decreed by the United States Centennial 
Commission, in compliance with the Act of Congress, and will consist of a 
diploma with a uniform Bronze Medal and a special report of the Judges on the 
subject of the Award. 

Seventh.— Each exhibitor will have the right to reproduce and publish the 
report awarded to him, but the U. S. Centennial Commission reserves the 
right to publish and dispose of ail reports in the manner it thinks best for public 
information, and also to embody and distribute the reports as records of the 
Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

John L. Campbell, Director-General. 

Secretary. 



54 


The following circular has been largely distributed to the Manufacturers 
and Inventors of the United States, and should receive immediate attention from 
every one interested : 

M. 


For the purpose of facilitating the progress of the necessary preparations in 
connection with the INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION of 1876, your co-opera¬ 
tion is requested. Have the kindness to forward a list of such products or 
manufactures as you desire to have on exhibition at that time, with amount of 
space required, so far as it is possible to prepare it. This list will not interfere 
with any future entries that you may desire to add, the object being simply to 
form some practical idea as to total amount of space required, and to aid in the 
prompt production of the Catalogue. A form is enclosed which you will please 
fill up and send addressed to 

Yours, Respectfully, 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, 

Director- General. 


BLANK FORM FOR EXHIBITORS. 


DATE. 

NAME OF ARTICLE. 

SPACE REQUIRED. 

LEAVE BLANK. 






Signature 

and 

Address 


/ 

l 


Any person wishing to exhibit can secure the above application by addressing 
the Director-General. 


GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR EXHIBITORS FROM THE UNITED 

STATES. 

1. The Exhibition will be held at Fairmount Park, in the City of Philadel¬ 
phia, and will be opened on the xoth day of May, 1876, and closed on the 10th 
day of November following. 

2. Applications for space and negotiations relative thereto should be addressed 
to the Director-General, International Exhibition, Philadelphia, Penna. 

3. Exhibitors will not be charged for space. 

A limited quantity of steam and water-power will be supplied gratuitously. 
The quantity of each will be settled definitively at the time of the allotments of 
space. Any power required by the exhibitor in excess of that allowed will be 
furnished by the Commission at a fixed price. Demands for such excess of power 
must also be settled at the time of the allotment of space. 
























r r* 

:>5 

4. Exhibitors must provide, at their own cost, all show-cases, shelving, 
counters, fittings, etc., which they may require; and all countershafts, with 
their pulleys, belting, etc., for the transmission of power from the main shafts in 
the Machinery Hall. All arrangements of articles and decorations must be in 
conformity with the general plan adopted by the Director-General. 

Special constructions of any kind, whether in the buildings or grounds, can 
only be made upon the written approval of the Director-General. 

5. The Commission will take precautions for the safe preservation of all 
objects in the Exhibition ; but it will in no way be responsible for damage or loss 
of any kind, or for accidents by fire or otherwise, however originating. 

Favorable facilities will be arranged by which exhibitors may insure their own 
goods. 

6. Exhibitors may employ watchmen of their own choice to guard their 
goods during the hours the Exhibition is open to the public. Appointments of 
such watchmen will be subject to the approval of the Director-General. 

7. Exhibitors, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for 
the receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their removal 
at the close of the Exhibition. 

8. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products 
for exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

9. The installation of heavy articles requiring foundations should, by special 
arrangement, be begun as soon as thq progress of the work upon the buildings 
will permit. The general reception of articles at the Exhibition buildings will be 
commenced on January 1, 1876, and no articles will be admitted after March 31. 
1876. 

10. Space not occupied on the 1st of April, 1876, will revert to the Director- 
General for re-assignment. 

11. If products are not intended for competition, it must be so stated by the 
exhibitor; and they will be excluded from the examination by the International 
Juries. 

12. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the 
■ Exhibition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost 

and risk of whomsoever it may concern. 

13. Articles that are in any way dangerous or offensive, also patent medicines, 
nostrums, and empirical preparations whose ingredients are concealed, will not be 
admitted to the exhibition. 

14. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the 
Exhibition. 

15. Sketches, drawings, photographs, or other reproductions of articles exhibited, 
will only be allowed upon the joint assent of the exhibitor and the Director- 
General ; but views of portions of the building may be made upon the Director- 
General’s sanction. 

16. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove their 
effects, and complete such removal before December 31, 1876. Goods then 
remaining will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or 
otherwise disposed of under the direction of the Commission. 

17. Each person who becomes an exhibitor thereby acknowledges and undertakes 
to keep the rules and regulations established for the government of the Exhibition. 


5 <$ 


Special regulations will be issued concerning the exhibition of fine arts, the 
organization of international juries, awards of prizes, the sale of special articles 
within the buildings, and on other points not touched upon in these preliminary 
instructions. 

18. An Official Catalogue will be published in four distinct versions,—viz., 
English, French, German and Spanish. The sale of catalogues is reserved to the 
Centennial Commission. 

19. Communications concerning the Exhibition should be addressed to “The 
Director-General, International Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia, Penna. ” 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these 
regulations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

John L. Campbell, Director-General. 

Secretary. 

Philadelphia, July 4, 1874. 


FACILITIES OF ACCESS TO THE EXHIBITION GROUNDS FOR OUR 

OWN PEOPLE. 

The Philadelphia system of street railways is complete, each road connecting 
with every other, and occupying, with but few exceptions, all the thoroughfares. 
From any part of the city, therefore, the visitor may reach the Exhibition and 
return to within a square or single block of his residence. This is an advantage 
possessed by no city of Europe. 

There will be ten horse-car roads direct to the Exhibition, and four steam 
roads, all connected with the system of lateral roads covering the city and country. 
These will furnish accommodations as follows: 


Ten horse-car line minute cars, one hour.24,000 

Four steam-cars twenty-minute trains.48,000 


By these facilities, direct to the door of the Exhibition, distributed over two 
hours of arrival and departure, 144,000 persons, a very much larger,number than 
were ever in an exhibition building at one time, can be taken to or from the 
Exhibition without a cab or carriage to residences, depots or hotels, in any part 
of the city. This is a feature entirely novel connected with any former exhibition. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad, approaching the Exhibition grounds, widens for 
the distance of a mile in sixteen tracks, so that in no possible contingency, even 
of 250,000 arriving at one hour, could there be any confusion for want of track 
space at the grounds. 

REDUCED FARES. 

The rates of fare and systems of excursions which are adopted by all the 
roads of the United States will be made even lower, so that, with no more 
expense than the ordinary cab fare to which the visitors to the European exhibitions 
were subjected, they may daily visit the Exhibition from all places within a radius 
of 100 miles from Philadelphia. These facts will prove a source of astonishment 
not only to foreigners, but even to many of our own people—a capacity for 
cheapness, rapidity, and comfort for large numbers which is not approached in 
Europe. 





57 


Indeed, the daily spectacle of trains of cars, with people from Florida, Utah, 
Maine, Montana, California, etc., etc., arriving and passing in and out of the 
Exhibition, representing an entire continent, will be scarely less wonderful than 
the Exhibition itself. The visitors, embracing every nationality, will be them¬ 
selves its leading international feature. 


THE HOLY LAND AND THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 

As it is not probable that there will be any Government display from this 
interesting section of the Old World, we shall be indebted to the enterprise and 
energy of a firm well known to tourists for a special exhibit in this direction. To 
those Americans who have traveled through the Old World under the charge and 
care of Messrs. Cook & Son, the simple announcement that it is their intention 
to have a complete representation of their Palestine Camp will be sufficient to 
attract immediate interest; but to those of our citizens who have not enjoyed 
this privilege some description of the Camp itself, and of the house of Cook & Son 
will be necessary. Till within the past few years a journey to Jerusalem has been 
one of hardship to all, but especially to ladies unaccustomed to the rough life 
necessary in making such a trip; to a certain extent dangerous, from attacks by 
Arabs and robbers. Under the present system of Messrs. Cook & Son, parties 
are taken through the East with all the comforts of home. The Palestine Camp 
consists of some forty or fifty tents, waterproof, each furnished with a floor and 
carpet, good beds and other needed furniture; and, in addition, a large dining 
tent with every accommodation for regular meals at stated hours, a large force of 
guards, interpreters, cooks, grooms, dragomen, etc., accompanying the expedition, 
supplied with all requisites and even luxuries in the way of food; on arriving at 
any point in the Desert, a short time suffices to make every one at home, and thus 
the entire trip is taken without trouble and at a great economy in time and 
money. This Camp, with all its retinue of cooks, dragomen, donkeys and 
donkey boys, Arabs, etc., etc., is to be placed within the Exhibition grounds 
in Fairmount Park, and all the habits and rules of the Camp strictly observed. 
It is doubtful if any feature of the Exhibition will prove more attractive or 
interesting to the millions of visitors to Philadelphia in 1876. For more 
than thirty-five years the house of Cook & Son have been engaged teaching people 
to travel, and they have so far reduced the expense and added to the comforts, 
that during that period over five millions of people have availed themselves of 
this opportunity. The natural impulse of an American is to travel, and it was 
not long before thousands of our fellow countrymen were traveling under the 
auspices of Cook & Son; this constant intercourse with Americans led to the 
establishment of a branch house in the United States with Mr. E. M. Jenkins as 
a resident partner, with offices in New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Washington, 
San Francisco and New Orleans. The special object of this American house is to 
attract to this country the large body of European tourists, and during the past 
four years they have met with unexampled success, as by their arrangements with all 
the leading lines of railroads and hotels they have secured a series of trips through 
the United States unequalled in beauty and interest, and at such a charge as brings 
them within the reach of every traveler. These facilities are also offered to our 



58 


own people, who are largely taking advantage of the opportunity, not only to cross 
the Continent, but to go around the World , via Japan, China and India, and 
home by Europe. The plans of Messrs. Cook, Son & Jenkins for 1876 are very 
complete. Europeans will be furnished with tickets in London, Paris, Berlin, 
Vienna and other cities which will take them directly to the Centennial grounds ; 
each ticket will have attached coupons for hotels and entrance to the Exhibition, 
so that a party coming over can carefully estimate to a minimum his entire 
expenses, covering a visit to the principal cities, Niagara Falls, the Mammoth 
Cave, etc., etc. Messrs. Cook, Son & Jenkins have published a pamphlet which 
presents all the information necessary in connection with their tours, and which 
can be had on application at any of their offices in this country. 


CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 

As the Act of Congress incorporating the Centennial Commission made an 
explicit proviso that no expense should be incurred for which Government should 
be held responsible, it became necessary to secure the organization of a financial 
body in which proper powers should be invested, and the following act was passed 
June 1, 1872, of which the preamble and principal sections are herewith given: 

( Copy of an Act of Congress Creatmg the Centennial Board of Finance , Approved 

June 1, 1872.) 

Whereas , Congress did provide by an act entitled “An act to provide for 
celebrating the one hundredth Anniversary of American Independence by holding 
an International Exhibition of arts, manufactures, and products of the soil and 
mine, in the City of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, in the year 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six,” approved March third, eighteen hundred and 
seventy-one, for the appointment of commissioners to promote and control the 
exhibition of the national resources and their development, and the nation’s 
progress in arts which benefit mankind, and to suggest and direct appropriate 
ceremonies by which the people of the United States may commemorate that 
memorable and decisive event, the Declaration of American Independence by the 
Congress of the United Colonies, assembled in the City of Philadelphia, on the 
fourth day of July, Anno Domini seventeen hundred and seventy-six; and 
whereas, such provisions should be made for procuring the funds requisite for the 
purposes aforesaid, as will enable all the people of the United States, who have 
shared the common blessings resulting from national independence, to aid in the 
preparation and conduct of said International Exhibition and memorial celebration 
under the direction of the commissioners of the United States: Therefore, 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of Atnerica in Congress assembled , That there is hereby created a body corporate, 
to be known by the name of the Centennial Board of Finance, and by that name 
to have an incorporate existence until the object for which it is formed shall have 
been accomplished; and it shall be competent to sue and be sued, plead and be 
impleaded, defend and be defended, in all courts of law and equity in the 



59 


United States; and may make and have a corporate seal, and may purchase, take, 
have, and hold, and may grant, sell, and at pleasure dispose of all such real and 
personal estate as may be required in carrying into effect the provisions of an act 
of Congress, entitled “An act to provide for celebrating the one hundredth 
anniversary of American Independence by holding an International Exhibition 
of arts and manufactures, and products of the soil and mine, in the City of 
Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, in the year eighteen hundred and seventy- 
six,’’ approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-one, and an act 
supplementary thereto. 

Sec. 2. That the said corporation shall have authority, and is hereby 
empowered to secure subscription of capital stock to an amount not exceeding ten 
million dollars, to be divided into shares of ten dollars each, and to issue to the 
subscribers of said stock certificates therefor under the corporate seal of said 
corporation, which certificates shall bear the signature of the President and 
Treasurer, and be transferable under such rules and regulations as may be made for 
the purpose. And it shall be lawful for any municipal or other corporate body 
existing by or under the laws of the United States to subscribe and pay for shares 
of said capital stock; and all holders of said stock shall become associates in said 
corporation, and shall be entitled to one vote on each share. 

Sec. 8. That the Centennial Board of Finance shall have authority to issue 
bonds, not in excess of its capital stock, and secure the payment of the same, 
principal and interest, by mortgage upon its property and prospective income. 

Sec. 9. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury of the 
United States, as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, to cause to be 
prepared, in accordance with a design approved by the United States Centennial 
Commission and the Secretary of the Treasury, a sufficient number of certificates 
of stock to meet the requirements of this act; and any person found guilty of 
counterfeiting, or attempting to counterfeit, or knowingly circulating false 
certificates of stock herein authorized, shall be subject to the same pains and 
penalties as are or may be provided by law for counterfeiting United States 
currency; but nothing in this act shall be so construed as to create any liability 
of the United States, direct or indirect, for any debt or obligation incurred, nor 
for any claim by the Centennial International Exhibition, or the corporation 
hereby created, for aid or pecuniary assistance from Congress or the Treasury of 
the United States, in support or liquidation of any debt or obligations created by 
the corporation herein authorized: And provided, That nothing in this act shall 
be so construed as to override or interfere with the laws of any State; and all 
contracts made in any State for the purposes of the Centennial International 
Exhibition shall be subject to the laws thereof: And provided further , That no 
member of said Centennial Board of Finance assumes any personal liability for 
any debt or obligation which may be created or' incurred by the corporation 
authorized by this act. 

Sec. io. That as soon as practicable after the said Exhibition shall have 
been closed, it shall be the duty of said corporation to convert its property into 
cash, and, after the payment of all its liabilities, to divide its remaining assets 
among its stockholders, pro rata , in full satisfaction and discharge of its capital 
stock. 


l 


6o 


Under the above act the Centennial Board of Finance was organized, and as 
now constituted is as follows: 

CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE. 

President —John Welsh, Philadelphia. 

Vice-Presidents —William Sellers, Philadelphia; John S. Barbour, Virginia. 
Secretary and Treasurer —Frederick Fraley. 

Auditor —H. S. Lansing. 

Directors —Samuel L. Felton, Philadelphia; Daniel M. Fox, Philadelphia; 
Thomas Cochran, Philadelphia; Clement M. Biddle, Philadelphia; N. Parker 
Shortridge, Philadelphia; James M. Robb, Philadelphia; Edward T. Steel, Phila¬ 
delphia; John Wanamaker, Philadelphia; John Price Wetherill, Philadelphia; 
Henry Winsor, Philadelphia; Amos R. Little, Philadelphia; John Baird, Phila¬ 
delphia; Thomas H. Dudley, New Jersey; A. S. Hewitt, New York; William L. 
Strong, New York; John Cummings, Massachusetts; John Gorham, Rhode Island; 
Charles W. Cooper, Pennsylvania; William Bigler, Pennsylvania; Robert M. 
Patton, Alabama; J. B. Drake, Illinois; George Bain, Missouri. 

Fmancial Agent —William Bigler. 

Immediately after organization a most complete system was adopted for the 
purpose of giving every citizen of every State an opportunity to become interested 
in and connected with this great International Exhibition, a quota was established 
as the ratio for the several States, and every effort made through the public press, 
special circulars, and selected agents to bring about such an interest as would lead 


to a popular subscription sufficiently large to absorb 

the capital stock, 

the ratio of 

each State being fixed as follows: 


Quota 

Quota 

No. State or Territory , 

Population. 

in Shares. 

in Dollars. 

r New York, - • - 

4,382 ,759 

113,666 

$1,136,660 

2 Pennsylvania, 

3 * 5 2I , 95 1 

9 D 34 i 

9 I 3 * 4 I ° 

3 Ohio* 

2,665,260 

69,123 

691,230 

4 Illinois, 

2 > 539 > 8 9 i 

65,871 

658,710 

5 Missouri, - 

1,721,295 

44,641 

446,410 

6 Indiana, 

1,680,637 

43 > 5 8 7 

435*870 

7 Massachusetts, - 

1 j 45 7 » 35 1 

37 > 79 6 

377,960 

8 Kentucky, 

I , 3 2I ,° 11 

34,260 

342,600 

9 Tennessee, 

1,258,520 

3 2 >639 

326,390 

io Virginia, 

1,225,163 

3 1 »7 74 

3 1 7 * 7 4 ° 

11 Iowa, 

1,194,020 

3 °* 9 6 7 

309,670 

12 Georgia, 

1,184,109 

3 °;7 10 

307,100 

13 Michigan, 

1,184,059 

30,708 

307*080 

14 North Carolina, - 

1,071,361 

27*785 

277*850 

15 Wisconsin, 

1,054,670 

27*353 

273*530 

16 Alabama, 

996,992 

25*854 

258,540 

17 New Jersey, - 

906,096 

23*499 

234,990 

18 Mississippi, 

827,922 

21,472 

214,720 

19 Texas, 

818,579 

21,230 

212,300 

20 Maryland, 

780,894 

20,252 

202,520 


6i 


21 Louisiana,, - 726,915 

22 South Carolina, - - - 705,605 

23 Maine, - - 626,915 

24 California, - 560,247 

25 Connecticut, - - - 537,454 

26 Arkansas, .... 484,471 

27 West Virginia, - - - 442,014 

28 Minnesota, - 439,706 

29 Kansas, - 364,399 

30 Vermont, - 33°, 55 * 

31 New Hampshire, - - 318,300 

32 Rhode Island, - - - 217,353 

33 Florida, - 187,748 

34 District of Columbia, - - 131,700 

35 Delaware, - - - - 125,015 

36 Nebraska, - 122,993 

37 New Mexico, - - - 91,874 

38 Oregon, - 90,923 

39 Utah, - 86,786 

40 Nevada, - - - - - 42,491 

41 Colorado, - - - - 39,864 

42 Washington, - 23,955 

43 Montana, - - - - 20,595 

44 Idaho,. 14,999 

45 Dakota, - 14,181 

46 Arizona, - 9,658 

47 Wyoming, - - - 9,118 


38 , 558,371 


18,852 
18,300 
16,258 
14 , 53 ° 
x 3>939 
12,565 
11,464 
11,404 
9 , 45 ° 
8,573 

8,255 

5,637 

4,869 

3 , 4 W 

3, 2 42 

3 D 9 ° 

2-383 

2,359 

2,251 

1,102 

1,034 

621 

534 

389 

368 

250 

236 


1,000,000 


$188,520 

183,000 

162,580 

i 45 , 3 °° 

I 39 , 39 ° 
125,650 
114,640 
114,040 

94,5°° 

85 , 73 ° 

82,550 

5 6 , 37 ° 

48,690 

34 , 1 7 ° 
32,420 

3 I , 9 °° 

23,830 

23 , 59 ° 

22,510 

I 1,020 
10 , 34 ° 
6,210 
5,34° 
3,89° 

3,680 

2,500 

2,360 


$ 10 , 000,000 


Owing to the financial crisis and the difficulty of carrying out a working 
system with the agency of the banks, a different plan was adopted and a Bureau 
of Revenue established, with the view of operating through the labor of volun¬ 
tary auxiliary boards organized in different sections of the States and Territories, 
and through this means more publicity has been secured than in any other way. 
Ex-Governor William Bigler, financial agent for the Board, has devoted his time and 
energy to this department with much success, and it is anticipated that the present 
year will show a national subscription sufficient to meet all the requirements. The 
following is an approximate statement of the assets received: 


State of Pennsylvania, appropriations, 
City of Philadelphia, appropriations, 
State of New Jersey, subscription, 

State of Delaware, subscription, 

City of Wilmington, Del., subscription, 
Stock subscriptions, 

Donations, 


- $1,000,000 
1,500,000 
100,000 
10,000 
5 ,OQ° 
2 , 100,000 

35 ,°°° 


Total, 


$4,75°,°o o 







62 


SUBSCRIPTIONS TO STOCK. 

Notwithstanding the hearty co-operation of the American Press in 
supplying information, there is still much ignorance in reference to the 
Centennial Stock and its character. The organization of the Centennial 
Board of Finance has already been explained, also the object of its forma¬ 
tion; and in the last annual report of the Board, it is stated that there will 
be required to complete the work a sum not less than 

$3,500,000, 

which it is proposed to secure by sales of the Stock to citizens of the 
United States. This Stock is issued in Shares of $10 each, and every 
holder is entitled to an interest in the total proceeds of the Exhibition ; 
therefore, so far as each subscriber interests his friends and neighbors to 
co-operate, so far are his own interests increased. The Memorial Certificate 
is now ready for delivery to all who have subscribed, and it will be sent at 
once to all who wish, on receipt of its value, either in Post Office Order 
or Check, made payable to FREDERICK F'RALEY, Treasurer, 904 
Walnut Street, Philadelphia. 

The steel engraved Certificate itself will ever remain a memorial of 
our interest in the occasion, and it is hoped and believed that few’ Americans 
will not, ere the expiration of this year, secure to themselves this evidence 
of their interest in the common welfare of their country. The Certificate 
is engraved by the U. S. Treasury Department, and is in every respect a 
model, the Engraving Bureau of the Treasury deserving great credit for 
the admirable manner in which it is produced. 

The plate is twenty-four by twenty inches, on the best bank note paper. The 
design is pyramidal, America forming the apex, with Fame and Art personified 
sitting at her feet; the busts of Washington and Grant on either side, typical of 
the commencement and end of the century. America is represented as welcoming 
the representatives of foreign nations, who bear symbols of their national indus¬ 
tries and resources. Independence Hall and the National Capital are in the 
background. Beneath the former stand Fulton and Fitch with their steamboat 
models, and under the latter are Franklin and Morse with electric and telegraphic 
instruments. On the right, facing the figure of America, is Howe offering his 
sewing-machine, also a shipwright with a model of a clipper. The freedman, 
Continental and Federal soldier, and mechanic form a group on the right, and the 
farmer, planter, miner, trapper, and Indian, all presenting symbols of their 
avocations, the group on the left. The centre of the base is Trumbull’s painting 
of the “Signing of the Declaration of Independence,” on the right of which 
is exemplified progress—the busy manufacturing city in contrast with the neglected 
windmill. To the left of the base is represented civilization, combining the 
railroad, telegraph, steamship, and reaping machine, in contrast with the Cones¬ 
toga wagon, mail rider, sailing vessel, and laborer with a sickle. The legend in 
the body of the certificate was engraved by a new and ingenious process, the 
invention of G. W. Casilear, Superintendent of the Engraving Department of 


63 


the Treasury, and it is most creditable, as is also the printing—the department 
being determined to make the work worthy of the nation and the grand commem¬ 
orative occasion. The designs and arrangement are due to Messrs. Ferris and 
Darley, American artists. 

This stock certificate should be in the possession of every patriotic citizen as 
an heirloom, without reference to the fact of its being repaid with interest. It 
must be understood by our readers that the certificate is to be retained by the 
holder, the principal and interest being paid on presentation of proper evidence 
of ownership after the close of the Exhibition. Should the receipts not prove 
sufficient to pay the entire amount the division will be made equally among 
the stockholders. 

The sale of tickets at fifty cents each is estimated to reach the sum of 
$5,000,000, and is based upon the results of the Paris Exposition, which 
should be largely exceeded when we consider the fact that we are a traveling 
community, and that the Birth Place of American Independence will be the 
Mecca to which all our fellow citizens will be attracted from every section 
of this great country; any increase in the above estimate of visitors will add 
that much to the resources to be divided among the Stockholders. 

PLANS FOR THE SALE OF STOCK. 

State Subscriptions. —These can only be secured by legislation, but 
personal influence with the members of the State Legislatures may do much 
to bring about a universal recognition. New Jersey and Delaware have 
already done their share, and steps have been taken in other States to secure 
action at the approaching sessions. 

Countv Subscriptions. —There are many counties holding funds of 
their own that could make an investment of this character equally creditable 
as profitable. 

City Subscriptions. —The City of Wilmington, Delaware, leads in this 
line, an example worthy to be followed by cities of larger size and more 
wealth. A mass meeting of citizens indicating their approval of such an 
investment, would at once secure proper action on the part of the authorities. 

School Subscriptions. —This plan is perhaps one of the most popular 
that can be adopted, and, properly carried out, can be productive of large 
results, while tending to invite the pupils to emulation in their respective 
studies. One Share of Stock offered as a premium to each class in each 
school in the United States, would alone go far to meet the entire demand 
of the Board of Finance. These prizes can be secured by subscription of 
the scholars, or from special donations of individuals desirous to serve 
the cause of education and this grand national enterprise; the Certificate 
handsomely framed to remain in the class-room as a permanent memorial. 

Church Subscriptions. —Either as a testimonial to the Pastor or as an 
investment for various charitable societies connected therewith; the Certifi¬ 
cate remaining an enduring evidence of the generosity and patriotism of the 
subscribers. 


64 


Individual Subscriptions. —Could a clear and proper understanding 
of the great importance of this undertaking be generally diffused, it seems 
almost impossible to believe that there should be one family in the United 
States able to raise ten dollars, that would not gladly possess this evidence of 
their nationality and patriotism, secured at so small a temporary outlay, 
and with a prospect of some income from the investment. Will every one 
who may chance to read this, give the matter his honest consideration, and 
not only contribute his own mite, but also secure the co-operation of his 
friends? Form local committees, call meetings, and have the subject fairly 
discussed in all its bearings; one day’s service on the part of an energetic 
man would doubtless do great good, and this plan alone if generally 
followed, would do much to complete the sum required by the Centennial 
Board of Finance. 

Children’s Subscriptions. —It is just possible that a select few may 
live to see another Centennial with all its important results and changes, 
but upon all there should be impressed the momentous importance of this 
anniversary, that there may be handed down to the second generation some 
evidence of what was done in 1876 to recognise the principles enunciated 
in 1776. Could each child be made to appreciate this, how gladly would 
they aid to secure this commemoration. 

That those already in the field in this great work may be recognized, 
a statement is herewith given of the present organization for obtaining 
funds by subscription to stock, and other sources of revenue. 


THE CENTENNIAL BUREAU OF REVENUE. 


The above department, officially appointed by the Board of Finance, 
has control of the sale of stock and medals; organized July 1st, 1874, it 
has steadily and energetically pushed its agents throughout the various 
States, resulting in a success which it only needs time to complete. As the 
work of this Bureau, although national, must be continually followed up, 
its Directors are composed of such members of the Board of Finance as 
can render daily attention to its demands, as follows : 


Clement M. Biddle, Chairman, . 
William Bigler, Fitiancial Agent, . 
Edmund T. Steel, . 

Amos R. Little, .... 
John Wanamaker, . 

Daniel M. Fox, .... 

James M. Robb,. 

John Baird, ..... 
Thos. H. Dudley, . . . . 

John Cummings, .... 
William L. Strong, . 

George Bain, .... 

C. B. Norton, Secretary. 


Philadelphia. 

Pennsylvania. 

Philadelphia. 


New Jersey. 
Massachusetts. 
New York. 
Missouri. 


I 



65 


For the purpose of completely districting the various States, and with 
a view of securing as near as possible the quota originally planned by the 
Board of Finance, the aid of Auxiliary Boards has been accepted in States, 
Counties and Districts. The patriotic and national spirit of the country 
has led to these being formed of volunteers, composed of the leading men 
in each section, and through the aid of these Boards public meetings have 
been arranged for, addresses delivered, and the general interest of the 
country excited toward securing the proper financial aid needed. It is 
the duty of these Auxiliary Boards to select responsible men as agents for 
the sale of stock and medals, and the Bureau of Revenue would be pleased 
to correspond with the friends of the Centennial in any section of the 
country. Among other means that have been adopted with success, and 
through the co-operation of the ladies, may be mentioned Tea-parties, 
Festivals and Exhibitions of various kinds, the proceeds of which are 
devoted to purchase of Centennial stock. By a proper system of arrange¬ 
ment this investment can serve a double purpose by being placed to the 
credit of such charitable institutions as may be selected by the Auxiliary 
Board and those co-operating with them. It must be understood that the 
engraved Certificates of Stock are to be retained permanently by the holder, 
and when framed will make a fitting ornament for the parlor, school, or 
public hall. In the State of Pennsylvania special attention has been paid 
to securing the interest of the Public Schools, and in this connection 
attention is called to the following circular: 

Your earnest attention is invited to the importance of enlisting the 

Schools of. .County in the success of the Centennial 

Celebration of our Independence. To the youth of the country the impor¬ 
tance of giving their tribute to the memory of the sages and heroes of the Revo¬ 
lution, for the blessings of Free Government, Religious Liberty, and Universal 
Education that we now enjoy, by reason of their sagacity and struggles, must be 
self-evident. It cannot be doubted that our youth love and venerate the virtues 
of their great forefathers. They, therefore, will gladly testify their interest in the 
coming celebration of the centenary anniversary by aiding it to the extent of 
their ability. Each school may be expected to subscribe for Centennial Stock and 
purchase Medals. The Shares of Stock are of the value of Ten Dollars each, 
and the pupils, by small subscriptions among themselves, may readily get together 
the moderate sum that would procure a share for the School itself. The beautiful 
emblematic certificate, now ready for delivery, should be suspended in the School, 
and the name of each subscriber appended, thus forming a national roll of honor. 
On receipt of Ten Dollars the preliminary certificate will be forwarded by mail or 
express. 

Endorsement of the State Superintendent of Common Sehools of Pennsylvania. 

Harrisburg, Nov. 14th, 1874. 

Edwin E. Simpson, General Agent Centennial Bureau of Revenue, District No. 1 

of Pennsylvania. 

Dear Sir:— 

“In reply to yours of 5th inst., I would express my entire sympathy 
in the object in which you are engaged, and my earnest desire to co-operate in 




66 


every way toward the success of our great Centennial Anniversary. The sugges¬ 
tion in reference to a contribution on the part of our Schools strikes me most* 
favorably, and I am happy to give it my warm approval. Such measures will be 
taken to present the subject to our Schools as seems best, and I trust the result 
may be entirely satisfactory.” 

Truly Yours, &c., 

J. P. Wickersham, Sitpt, Common Schools. 

The attention of Auxiliary Boards and Agents is invited to the above 
form as suggestive of concerted action in their various districts. 


THE PRESS. 


There can be no question but through the medium of this mighty lever, 
satisfactory results have been already arrived at, and that by its continued 
influence through the present year much good can be accomplished. As 
one means of securing this result, and at the same time adding to the 
interest of the several journals, the Bureau of Revenue has had prepared 
a set of electrotypes representing the buildings and ground plans of the 
Exhibition, similar to those contained in this work. The electrotypes will 
be furnished to the Auxiliary Boards and General Agents, or upon their 
order to such papers as may be selected, and for which no charge will be 
made—it being expected, however, that after their use in one journal they 
shall be forwarded to others, or be returned to the Bureau of Revenue. 
With the electrotypes will be supplied all necessary descriptions, and 
such other matter as will enable each publisher to produce a special Centen¬ 
nial number, which cannot but prove of interest to all readers. 

The following electrotypes are now ready for distribution : 


Main Building, 

Art Gallery, 

Machinery Hall, 

Horticultural Building, 

Agricultural Hall, 

Orders addressed to Bureau of Revenue, 904 Walnut Street. 


All in four 
and two column cuts. 


A bird's-eye view of the Centennial Buildings, Fairmount Park and the Schuylkill 
River can be obtained from the new Observatory, now being erected on Belmont Hill, 
one of the highest elevations in the Park. It will be completed of tubular iron, 
strengthened by truss work on four sides, and fitted with every possible device for 
safety and comfort. A car will be arranged to ascend to a gallery or lookout at 
the top ; the height of the Observatory will be 200 feet above the summit of the 
hill, or 510 feet above the river. Further information will be furnished by the Inven¬ 
tor and Superintendent, L. B. Sawyer. 


/ 





67 

CENTENNIAL MEDALS. 





at TSg 
HKOT jffiEIWII 
AMOWI£R©ARY 

OF 

„ Mfl(Elr]iliSiyS3 




THE CENTENNIAL SILVER MEDAL, 


SILVER, $3.00. GILT, $1.00. 

Recognizing the demand for some portable evidence of interest in this 
anniversary, the Bureau of Revenue, under the authority of the Board of 
Finance, secured the following on the part of Congress : 

ACT RELATING TO CENTENNIAL MEDALS. 

An Act to authorize medals commemorating the One Hundredth Anniversary of 
the first meeting of the Continental Congress, and the Declaration of Inde¬ 
pendence, provides as follows: 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled , That medals with appropriate devices, 
emblems and inscriptions, commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the 
Declaration of Independence, be prepared at the Mint at Philadelphia for the 
Centennial Board of Finance subject to the provisions of the fifty-second section 
of the Coinage Act of eighteen hundred and seventy-three, upon the payment of 
a sum not less than the cost thereof, and all the provisions whether penal or other¬ 
wise of said Coinage^Act against the counterfeiting or imitating of coins of the 
United States shall apply to the medals struck and issued under the provisions of 
this act. 

Approved June 16, 18J4. 

And have issued the following medals struck at the U. S. Mint, bearing 
appropriate designs, the production of a talented and skilful artist, and exe¬ 
cuted with that taste and precision which is so distinguishing a characteristic 
of the United States Mint, thus enabling all our citizens to hold an evidence 
of their patriotism and sympathy with the great celebration of 1876, and 
participate in three advantages, two of which, at least, will grow of more 
importance and value by the lapse of time. 
















68 


First.—Each person will contribute his or her mite toward insuring the 
proud success of the national undertaking. Secondly.—The name of each pur 
chaser will be inscribed on the grand roll of subscribers to the triumphant ratifi¬ 
cation of the immortal Declaration of Independence. Thirdly.—Each will 
become the possessor of an elegant and artistic memento of the great event, which, 
in its neat case, for insuring preservation, may be handed down as an heirloom to 
succeeding generations. 

These “ Memorial Medals ” are of four descriptions, to bring them within the 
taste and means of all, viz: In Bronze at $2 ; small Silver at $3 ; small Gilt at 
$1 ; and large Gilt at $5 ; all in neat cases. The fac-similes annexed give the sizes, 
the Silver and small Gilt medals being the size of the American dollar, with the 
same obverse design, but bearing on the centre ot the reverse the inscription : “ In 
commemoration of the Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence, 1876,” 
surrounded by the words : “ By authority of the Gongressof the United States.” 

The four medals are also supplied complete in cases for $11. 

The design of the “obverse” on all the medals represents the Genius of 
American Independence rising from a recumbent position, grasping with her right 
hand the sword which is to enforce her demands, and raising her left in appealing 
pride to the galaxy of thirteen stars, which, indicating the original Colonies and 
States, are blazing in the firmament. Beneath is the date 1776. The “ Reverse ” 
displays are the Genius of Liberty, with the now ornamental sword buckled to 
her girdle, the shield of the Stars and Stripes leaning at rest, while with either 
hand she extends a welcome and a chaplet to the arts and sciences assembled with 
evidences of their skill and craft to do honor to the date 1876, which is inscribed 
upon the platform. The history of our great nation is depicted in these two 
designs, and as a work of art, a memento of the Centennial, or as a means of 
contributing to its celebration, these Memorial Medals should be objects of 
universal appreciation. 



GILT, $5.00. BRONZE, $2.00. 


Orders for the medals can be addressed to the Bureau of Revenue, accompa¬ 
nied by checks or post-office orders, payable to order to Frederick Fraley, on receipt 
of which they will be sent, carefully packed, to any part of the United States. The 
sale of these medals secures a source of revenue which inures directly to the interest 









6 9 

of the stockholders, and is relied upon to realize a large sum during the present year. 
Here again is an opportunity for Schools to aid the Centennial, and in several 
States a most active interest has been developed. The Silver medal being used as a 
giand prize and a Centennial Testimonial of Honor, issued by Messrs. Cowperth- 
waite & Co., ot Philadelphia, being adopted for minor prize. This plan is worked 
in the State of Missouri on the following basis : 

For this purpose it is proposed to use the Commemorative Silver Medal, made 
at the United States Mint for the Centennial Commission, and sold by them to 
increase the fund for the erection of the buildings, as a prize for scholastic pro¬ 
ficiency and as an incentive to higher attainments and greater excellence among 
the pupils and students of our schools, academies and other institutions of learning. 

To perfect this system of awards, and in order that proper encouragement 
may be given to the diligent and dutiful, a Testimonial of Honor has also been 
prepared, to be used in connection with the medal, and which is designed to be 
given to all who attain an honorable grade in an examination. 

CHARACTER OF MEDALS AND TESTIMONIALS. 

The Medal is made of pure silver under the auspices of the government, at the 
United States Mint, and commemorates the one hundredth anniversary of Ameri¬ 
can Independence. It has a blank on side sufficiently large to receive the initials 
of a name, and is enclosed in a handsome case. The Testimonial of Honor is 
handsomely executed from original designs of a patriotic character, including a 
finely engraved view of the Memorial Hall and Art Gallery, which is intended to 
remain as a perpetual memorial of the Exhibition, and the event which it com¬ 
memorates. It is ii by 14 inches in size, is beautifully lithographed on fine linen 
paper, and resembles a small Diploma. The historic and commemorative character 
of the Medal and Testimonial will give them a dignity and value far above their 
intrinsic worth even, and as a record of scholastic attainments, as well as for their 
artistic beauty, they will always be cherished and preserved'by their recipients. 

HOW TO USE THE MEDALS AND TESTIMONIALS. 

Let the pupils of a school be notified that at the close of the term, or at some 
other specified time, there will be a written examination upon such branches of 
study as will admit of that plan, and that all the questions prepared for the exami¬ 
nation can be answered by a faithful study of the text-books used in the several 
branches. Let them understand that the pupil attaining the highest grade in any 
one branch of the examination will receive the Centennial Silver Medal, and all 
who reach an honorable grade, say eighty per cent., will receive Testimonials of 
Honor stating the exact percentage of excellence. 

The branches for examination may properly embrace the whole course of 
school or academic studies, ranging all the way from spelling up to the highest 
branches taught in our seminaries and high schools. The main point should be 
to have the examination conducted with perfect fairness, and if possible by means 
of written or printed questions and with written answers. 

Teachers or school directors can arrange the plan of examination and distri¬ 
bution of awards to suit themselves ; but the following method is suggested : Let 
the words for spelling be selected from the speller used and the questions for 


70 


examination be founded on the text-books studied in the school—say fifty from the 
former and ten from each of the latter, or in that proportion, so that all the results 
will be in decimal form, one hundred being the highest number for excellence in 
all cases. To illustrate by an examination in spelling: The class having received 
notification, at the appointed time let fifty words selected from the speller used be 
given out; the pupils will write them on slates or slips of paper. When these are 
collected and examined, one pupil may have excelled all the rest, and spelled forty- 
nine of the words correctly, which will give him or her a grade of ninety-eight 
and the Silver Medal, while a dozen others may have spelled forty or more words 
correctly, thus attaining an “honorable grade ” and a “ Testimonial of Honor.” 
The same principal will hold in all other examinations. If there are ten questions 
each will count ten, and eight of the ten correctly answered will secure a 
“ Testimonial.” 

Both the Medals and Testimonials may very properly be rewarded on the 
examination of a carefully kept school record, and embrace attendance and deport¬ 
ment as well as scholarship. This can be done at the close of a session, or at such 
intervals as may suit the judgment of the teachers or school directors. 

SPELLING-MATCHES. 

A very pleasant and suitable entertainment is now in vogue, under the name 
of “ Spelling-matches ; ” and where these are properly conducted, the Medals and 
Testimonials are admirably adapted to indicate the comparative excellence of the 
different participants. 

The above plan for examination and design for the Testimonial were 
prepared by Prof. J. L. Tracy, of St. Louis, the Secretary and General Agent 
of the United States Centennial Commission for the State of Missouri. 
Prof. Tracy has long been identified with the educational interests of the 
West, and this plan has received the hearty approbation of the teachers to 
whom it has been submitted. 


For the purpose of information, a list is given of some of the Auxiliary 
Boards and Agents already appointed by the Bureau of Revenue. Citizens of the 
United States desiring to co-operate can make the necessary arrangements by a 
conference or correspondence with officials named in their respective districts. 
Where such appointments have not been made, letters addressed to the Bureau of 
Revenue will receive immediate attention. The United States Centennial 
Commissioners, a list of whose names and addresses has already been given, will 
also be found ready and willing to afford any information required. 


PENNSYLVANIA DISTRICT, No. i. 


ED WIN E. SIMPSON, General Agent. 
BRADFORD COUNTY. 


R. A. Packer, Towanda. 
P. D. Morrow, 

Joseph Powell, 

J. F. Means, 

E. Overton, 

J. M. Ward, 


W. W. Kingsbury, Towanda. 
J. H. Codding, “ 

C. B. Porter, 

R. A. Mercur, 

S. W. Alvord, 

C. L. Tracey, 

1). M. Turner, Towanda. 









BUCKS COUNTY. 


W. W. H. Davis, Doyiestown. 

Thomas W. Trego, “ 

Dr. Jos. Thomas, Quakertown. 

Wm. Kinsey, Bristol. 

Robert Klotz, Mauch Chunk. 

William Lilly, 

Asa Packer, “ 

CHESTER 

William Darlington, West Chester. 

J. W. Barnard, “ 

Joseph Hemphill, “ 

CLINTON 


H. T. Darlington, Doyiestown. 
Samuel H. Laubach, Reiglesville. 
Josiah B. Smith, Newton. 

George G. Maris, Buckingham. 

\RBON COUNTY. 

Charles Allbright, Mauch Chunk. 
A G. Brodhead, 

A. W. Leisenring, “ 

COUNTY. 

Edward B. Moore, West Chester. 
W. D. Hartman, 

COUNTY. 


COLUMBIA COUNTY. 


Dr. J. L. Forwood, Chester 
Sketchly Morton, Morton. 
Theo. S. Christ, Chester. 
Benj. Gartside, “ 

Wm. A. Todd, 

J. Henry Askin, Louella. 
John M. Broomall, Media. 


DELAWARE COUNTY. 

James M. Wilcox, Glen Mills. 

W. D. Pennell, Thornton. 

John B. Rhoads, Lenni. 

Samuel A. Crozier, Upland. 
Samuel Riddle, Glen Riddle. 

D. H. Darlington, Concord. 
Chalkley Harvey, Chadd’s Ford. 


Charles W. Cooper, Allentown. 
Wm. H. Arney, “ 

A. B. Longaker, 

I. S. Dillinger. “ 


Hazleton. 


LEHIGH COUNTY. 

J. D. Stiles, Allentown. 
Wm. H. Souden, 

S. H. Good, “ 


Ario Pardee, 

Wm. Kisner, “ 

Eckley B. Cox, “ 

Samuel B. Price, Upper Lehigh. 

George W. Church, Shickshinny. 

Henderson Gaylord, Plymouth. 

Joseph Stickney, Nanticoke, 

Hendrick B. Wright, Wilkesbarre 
J. W. Hollenbach, 

Charles Parrish, 

H. M. Hoyt, 

Washington Lee, 

E. L. Dana, 

E. P. Darling, 

Wm. L. Cunningham, 

LYCOMING COUNTY. 

William H. Armstrong, Williamsport. Peter Herdic, 

Robert M. Forsman, *' Abraham Updegraff,, 

Bodo Otto, “ Henry White, 

Henry C. Parsons, 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

M rs. Cadwalader Evans, Bridgeport. 


LUZERNE COUNTY. 

Payne Pettibone, Wyoming. 
Samuel Hoyt, Kingston. 
Thomas Strong, Pittston. 

W. R Stores, Scranton. 
Jos. A. Scranton, 

Thos. Dickson, 

H. S. Pierce, 

W. W. Winton, 

Dr. B. H. Shoop, 

John B. Smith, Dunmore. 
Edward Jones, Peckville. 
John Germyn, Gibsonburgh. 
John M. Poor, Carbondale. 
folin M. Nealon, 


Williamsport. 


MONROE COUNTY. 


MONTOUR COUNTY. 

NORTHAMPTON COUNTY, BETHLEHEM AND VICINITY. 

Augustus Wolle. Charles Brodhead. 

Dr. G. B. Linderman. John Fritz. 

Alfred Hunt. B. C. Webster. 

Geo. W. Whitaker. Wm. H."Sayre. 

Wm. L. Dunglison, 






72 

COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. 


Wm. L. Dunglison. 
Dr. P. B. Breinig. 
E. P. Wilbur. 


H. Stanley Godwin. 
H. B. Lukenbach. 
B. C. Webster. 


Edward H. Green. 
O. H. Myers. 

Thos. L. McKeen. 
John D. Patterson. 
John T. Knight. 
Dr. W. C. Cattell. 
James M. Porter, 
John Stewart. 
William Hackett. 


EASTON AND VICINITY. 

Henry Green. 
John Tyndall. 
Samuel Boileau. 
Edward J. Fox. 

C. Edward Hecht 
J. M. Hackett. 

Dr. Traill Green. 
John Shouse. 


NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. 


J. B. Packer, Sunbury. 

Wm. L. Greenough, “ 

John Hass, “ 

Dr. Joseph Priestley, Northumberland. 
Joseph Bird, “ 


S. P. Wolverton, Sunbury. 

Wm. L. Dewart, “ 

George Hill, “ 

Amos E. Kapp, Northumberland. 


PENNSYLVANIA DISTRICT, No. 2. 


THOS. C. McDOWELL, General Agent, Harrisburg. 


William A. Duncan. 
C. H. Beuhler, 


A. F. Boas, Reading. 
Jesse G. Hawley. 
Henry Bushong. 
James McManus. 

J. Knabb. 


ADAMS COUNTY. 

W. J. McSherry. 

E. G. Fahnstock. 

BERKS COUNTY. 

Frederick Lauer. 

John D. Mishler. 

Henry S. Eckert. 

Heister Clymer. 

M. A. Wolf, Special Agent. 

CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 


R. M. Henderson, Carlisle. 

L. F. Lyne, “ 

C. B. Niesley, Mechanicsburg. 

S. M. Wherry, Shippensburg. 


James E. McClain, Shippensburg. 
J. T. Zug, Carlisle. 

S. M. Emlengir, Mechanicsburg. 
James McKeehan, Newville. 


DAUPHIN COUNTY. 


J. D. Cameron, Harrisburg. 
R. A. Lamberton, “ 

John A. Bigler, “ 


Henry McCormick, Harrisburg. 
William Colder, “ 

Jacob C. Bumburger, “ 


FRANKLIN COUNTY. 

Thomas B. Kennedy, Chambersburg. S. W. Stinger, Chambersburg. 
James McKibben, “ Moses A. Foltz, “ 


Isaiah Billingfelt. 
J. P. Wickersham. 
A. W. Russell. 

A. J. Steinman. 


LANCASTER COUNTY. 

S. H. Reynolds. 
Thomas Franklin. 
J. W. M. Geist. 
John A. Heistand. 


1 


73 


G. Dawson Coleman, Lebanon. 
Josiah Funk, “ 

Wm. M. Breslau, “ 


LEBANON COUNTY. 

T. T. Worth, Lebanon. 
Grant Weidman. il 


B. F. Junkin, New Bloomfield. 
Chas. Barnett, 

C. J. F. McIntyre, “ 


PERRY COUNTY. 

W. A. Spousler, New Bloomfield. 
Wm. Willis, 


Benj. Bannan, Pottsville. 
I\ J. McCalmont, “ 


Jno. Gibson, York. 
R. J. Fisher, “ 

E. G. Smyser, “ 


SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

A. Ramsey, Pottsville, 
August Knecht, 

YORK COUNTY. 

Samuel Small, York. 
Wm. Hayes, “ 


MAINE. 


C. P. Kimball, Chairman , Portland 
Enoch Knight, “ 

Wm. H. Simpson, Belfast. 

Chas. W. Roberts, Bangor. 


Joshua Nye, Gen'l Agent, Augusta. 
Fred. E. Shaw, " Paris. 
James McMullen, Biddeford. 

Edwin Sprague, Rockland. 


NEW HAMPSHIRE. 


E. A. Straw, Chairman. 
Frederick Smith. 

Lewis W. Clark. 

Edward B. Baker, Claremont. 


James A. Weston. 

James F. Briggs, 

Mason W. Patton, Bradford. 

George W. Riddle, Geri l Agent, Manchester. 


VERMONT. 


DISTRICT 

Luke P. Poland. 

George May. 

Horace Fairbanks. 

N. Bowman. 


No. i, ST. JOHNSBURY. 

C. H. Dana. 

N. M. Johnson. 

David Boynton. 

Henry Chase, Lindenville. 


DISTRICT No. 2, RUTLAND. 


H. H. Baxter, Rutland. 

P. P. Pitkins, Montpelier. 

J. W. Poland, “ 

R. C. Benton, St. Albans. 


Middleton Goldsmith, Rutland. 
D. C. Linsey, Burlington. 

W. W. Henry 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


DISTRICT No. i, BOSTON AND SUFFOLK COUNTIES. 

John Cummings. Curtis Guild. 

J. F. Paul. J. H. Chadwick. 

Arthur Cheney. W. B. Spooner. 

DISTRICT No. 2, MIDDLESEX AND ESSEX COUNTIES. 

Geo. B. Loring, Salem. James N. Buffum, Lynn. 

J. C. Hoadley, Lawrence. Wm. Claflin, Newton. 

Hocum Hasford, Lowell. Wm. B. Brown, Marblehead. 


DISTRICT No. 3, NORFOLK, BRISTOL AND PLYMOUTH COUNTIES. 


C. L. Lovering, Taunton. 
Chas. Stickney, Fall River. 
F. B. Noyes, Canton. 


Thos. J. Borden, Fall River. 
A. Crocker, New Bedford. 

F. A. Hobart, Braintree. 


74 


DISTRICT No. 

Odin Thayer, Worcester. 

P. S. Moen, “ 

J. Lassell, Whitinsville. 


4 , WORCESTER COUNTY. 

J. H. Walker, Worcester. 
R. T. Mills, Fitchburg. 

G. S. Needom, Blackstone. 


DISTRICT No. 5 , HAMPSHIRE, FRANKLIN, BERKSHIRE AND HAMPDEN 


R. F. Mason, Pittfield. 

H. M. Phillips, Springfield. 
Luke Lyman, Northampton. 


COUNTIES. 

Geo. S. Plunket, Hinsdale. 
Levi Stockbridge, Amhurst. 
G. H. Sawyer, E. Hampton. 


RHODE ISLAND. 


Geo. H. Corliss, Providence. Sam’l Powel, Newport. 

John Gorham, “ 


CONNECTICUT. 


James Lloyd Green, Norwich. H. H. Osgood, Norwich. 

John T. Slater, “ Chas. A. Converse, “ 

James Hall, “ 


Geo. G. Clarkson. 
D. W. Powers. 
Henry R. Selden. 
James Bracket. 
Patrick Barry. 
Chas. E. Upton. 
James E. Booth. 


E. P. Door. 
Phillip Becker. 
G. W. Clinton. 
Pascal P. Pratt. 
L. P. Dayton. 


NEW YORK. 

AUXILIARY BOARD, ROCHESTER. 

Hiram Sibley. 

Martin R. Anderson, D. 1). 
Edward M. Smith. 

James Vick. 

D. M. Dewey. 

E. S. Ettenhimer. 

J. S. Braham. 

BUFFALO. 

F. S. Pease. 

Martin Taylor. 

E. G. Spalding. 

F. A. Alberger. 

BATAVIA. 


Benjamin Pringle. 
John Fisher. 

G. B. Worthington. 

H. F. Tarbox. 
Tracy Pardee. 


D. M. Osborn. 

A. G. Beardsley. 
Cyrenus Wheeler, Jr. 


Nelson Bogue. 
Frank B. Redfield. 

C. H. Monell. 

D. W. Tomlinson. 
R. A. Maxwell. 

AUBURN. 

E. B. Morgan. 
Wm. G. Wise. 

Wm. Kirby. 


ORGANIZATION 

OF THE 

United States Centennial Commission, 

/4s Adopted at the Annual Meeting, May 17th, 1875. 


President: 

JOSEPH R. HAWLEY. 


Vice-Presidents: 


ORESTES CLEVELAND, 
JOHN D. CREIGH, 
ROBERT LOWRY, 


THOMAS H. COLDWELL, 
JOHN McNEIL, 

WILLIAM GURNEY. 


Director- General: 
ALFRED T. GOSHORN. 

Secretary : 

JOHN L. CAMPBELL. 


Counsellor and Solicitor : 

JOHN L. SHOEMAKER, Esq. 


Executive Committee : 


DANIEL J. MORRELL, 

Philadelphia. 

ALFRED T. GOSHORN, 

Ohio. 

N. M. BECKWITH, 

. . New York. 

ALEXANDER R. BOTELER, . 

West Virginia. 

RICHARD C. McCORMICK, 

Arizona. 

JOHN LYNCH, 

Louisiana. 

CHARLES P.- KIMBALL, . 

Maine. 

SAMUEL F. PHILLIPS, 

North Carolina. 

GEORGE B. LORING, 

Massachusetts. 

FREDERICK L. MATTHEWS, 

Illinois. 

WM. PHIPPS BLAKE, 

Connecticut. 

JAMES E. DEXTER, . 

Dist. of Columbia. 

J. T. BERNARD, 

Florida. 

Secretary: 


MYER ASCH, .... 

Philadelphia. 

Office of the Commission. —No. 903 

WALNUT STREET. 


The following corrections are made in the Canadian Commission : 

CANADA.—Luc Letellier de St. Just, Minister of Agriculture of Canada, Ottawa,— President. 

G. Penny, Senator, Montreal, Quebec. D. McDougai.l, Berlin, Ontario. 

R. D. Wilmot, Senator, New Brunswick. Joseph Pkrrault, Secretary & Treasurer, Ottawa. 






76 



BLOOMSD ALE. 

The following article on Bloomsdale, the far-famed Seed Farm of the Messrs. 
Landreth, originally appeared in “ Pennsylvania Illustrated.” The subject of 
which it treats is of such general interest, it might be termed national, that the publisher 
of this work has made arrangements to transfer the article to its columns, that it may be 
the more widely read, and the extent and importance of this special industry as con¬ 
ducted near Philadelphia, be more fully comprehended. It is quite probable that many 
persons familiar with Landreth’s Seeds from childhood may nevertheless be but im¬ 
perfectly informed of the unexampled extent and the breadth of land controlled by 
the firm referred to in seed culture ; for though the homestead embraces 500 acres it is 
really only one-third of the area under the plough, owned and personally superin¬ 
tended by the proprietors. Virginia, New Jersey, Wisconsin, each presenting varied 
climates, soils and local advantages, have been made tributary; plantations in each 
of the States named are under tillage, and as carefully conducted as at Bloomsdale 
itself—the whole a combination calculated to insure abundant supplies of seeds, and a 
quality which could not be obtainable under the usual practice of the seed trade. 

Great, and varied to an extent almost unexampled elsewhere, are the natural re¬ 
sources and industrial interests of Pennsylvania. 

In mineral and other deposits none can compare with her; in the mechanism and 
skill which converts her ores from their crude condition into the ponderous, delicate, 
or minute forms useful to man, her sons are not excelled within or without the Union. 

The ingenuity of Pennsylvania artisans is, in every branch of industry, almost 
world-wide; her locomotives traverse every road in Europe, and her iron ships, afloat 
and being built (a comparatively new outlet for her enterprise making the Delaware 
the rival of the Clyde), are destined to spread her fame wherever American commerce 
reaches. In view of such well-earned reputation, with such mechanical and artistic 
record, how fitting it is her tillage , on which commerce, manufactures, and industry of 
every kind repose, should be esteemed noteworthy. It is pleasant to know that her 
fertile soil, her intelligent husbandmen, her crops, and flocks, and herds may be re¬ 
ferred to as justly entitled to high discriminating praise. It is true we have not within 
our borders broad prairies like unto those of the Far West, nor its unctuous soil which 
knows no depth, and ever yields without exhaustion of fertility. We glory in the 
natural wealth of our sister States—their prosperity is ours as well; but in our mines of 
coal, and iron, and other minerals, in our ceaseless flow of oil, nature has dealt kindly 
by us also. The gold of California, the cotton of the South, the sugar of Louisiana 
and Texas, the silks and other fibres of the world, the spices and coffees of the tropics, 
the highest mechanism of Europe, its best efforts in the useful and fine arts, are all at 
our command; we have only to stretch forth our hands and grasp what has been so 
bountifully placed within our reach; what has been denied us in nature’s profuse scat- 

















77 


tering we have gained by thoughtful, well-directed efforts in the rotation of crops, in 
the application of appropriate fertilizers, and other means intelligently directed to a 
desired end, until “ Pennsylvania Agriculture” has become simply another term for 
high-farming and successful tillage, whilst those who, resident at distant points, seek the 
best, whether it be the fine strains of animals which graze its rich pastures, or the seeds 
of grasses, cereals, or vegetables, bend their steps hitherward, and never go empty 
away. 

On the Delaware, a few miles above Philadelphia, and adjoining that fertile tract 
known as Penn’s Manor, a wise and discriminating reservation of the proprietary or 
colonial Governor, is Bloomsdale, which we have selected as illustrative of the rural 
industry of Pennsylvania. This estate, we do not hesitate to say, has contributed, in 
an especially large degree, to the public good, by its products and by its eminent ex¬ 
ample also. Bloomsdale may be assumed a model of intelligent industry, systematic 
culture, and rural progress. It embraces within its boundaries, independent of out¬ 
lying lands, five hundred acres devoted to the culture and product of seeds, known in 
every hamlet, almost on every farm-hold and country homestead, as “ Landreth’s,”— 
known almost equally well on the banks of the Missouri, the Mississippi, and the 
Ganges,—for it should be stated, to the business credit and reputation of the firm, that 
for three generations Landreth’s Seeds have been annually shipped to India, and are 
preferred by Englishmen resident in Hindostan to the seeds of their own native land, 
our climate ripening them better than the humid air of England. 

It is the modest motto of the proprietors of Bloomsdale that “ Landreth’s Seeds 
speak their own praise.” They certainly cannot have done so with feeble voice, for 
not only are those broad acres taxed to their utmost productive power, but nearly 
approaching one thousand other acres in addition, owned, occupied, and cultivated by 
the firm, are devoted to seed culture; by this it is not intended to designate lands 
simply tributary, tilled by their owners who raise crops on contract, without direct con¬ 
trol of those who have bargained for the product (as it is the custom with seed-merchants 
thus to obtain supplies), but immediate, active, personal care and supervision. Thus 
an idea may be conceived, though necessarily imperfect, of the activity of mind and 
energy called forth by such extended operations; but system and order are ever tri¬ 
umphant, and in the case in point the adage is aptly illustrated. With increased 
acreage has come increased reputation, and Pennsylvania may claim the credit, not a 
slight one we opine, of having conducted within her borders a seed trade larger than 
exists elsewhere (if lands be taken as the measure), not alone within the Union, but 
without as well. Europe, travelers assert, can exhibit nothing of like extent. This is 
no idle boast, made in the interest of private enterprise or pride of commonwealth. 

Independent of the numerous workmen employed on the estate,—many of whom 
have been life-long attaches of the establishment, occupying cottages on the premises, 
and as much at home as the proprietors themselves—a pleasing feature which it were 
well to imitate,—there are three steam-engines for thrashing, winnowing, and cleaning 
seeds, grinding feed, manures, etc.; a “caloric” for pumping and other purposes; and 
an admirably well-adjusted steaming apparatus for preparing food for the working- 
stock; well-furnished wheelwright and blacksmith shops, in which the wagons, carts, 
and implements and mechanical appliances used on the estate are manufactured. 

At Bloomsdale, during the three years just passed, energetic, pesistent efforts have 
been made toward steam plowing and tillage; and, though the attempt to accomplish 
both by direct traction (that is, by the engine drawing the machinery in its wake) has 
failed of practical economic success, the idea of steam ploughing has not been by any 
means relinquished, and the proprietors, we are informed, contemplate renewing then- 
experiments at an early day, adopting the rope system in successful use in England. 
To have been pioneers and led the way in such an effort, where so many scoffed, is 
indeed noteworthy; and it is simply right to chronicle the fact in a volume descriptive 
of our State, the record, as it were, of its status at the present day. As the early efforts 



78 


in river and ocean navigation are referred to with ever-increasing interest as progress 
is made in that direction, so will in the future be those of tillage by steam, and our 
State is entitled to its due share of praise with respect to land, as it unquestionably is to 
Fitch’s exertions in steam navigation. 

Limited space prohibits many of the details of the operations at Bloomsdale, 
which we would gladly give our readers; the sketch annexed may, however, convey 
some idea of the extent of the structures required for the storage, drying, and preser¬ 
vation of crops, and otherwise successful prosecution of the peculiar business there 
conducted, which is a credit to the proprietors, the successors of those who founded the 
business in 1784, and which may be classed as prominent among the many industrial 
enterprises of Pennsylvania. 


The West Philadelphia Passenger Railway Company, 

Among the many routes to the Centennial Grounds, the one above named presents 
special attractions, and will secure a large travel. All visitors from New Jersey will 
find this the most direct line to Fairmount Park, and passengers leaving the depot of 
the Pennsylvania R. R. in West Philadelphia, will also take these cars directly at the 
entrance of the depot. The Market Street line of cars reach the Centennial Grounds 
directly at what will be the grand entrance in 1876, and also in the immediate vicinity 
of the approach to the Park, and the Zoological Gardens. The cars of this Company- 
run to and from the Centennial Grounds, in 

FAIRMOUNT PARK, 

the village of Haddington, and the Camden Ferries, at foot of Market Street, on the 
Delaware River. 

This is the shortest and most direct route from the centre of the city to the 

CENTENNIAL GROUNDS. 

Passengers can take any of the cars of this Company on Market Street, for the 
Centennial Grounds or Haddington, and will be transferred to the through cars, at the 
depot, without extra charge. 

First car leaves depot at 4.30 A.M. Last car leaves depot at 11.45 P.M. First car 
leaves Front and Market Streets at 5.15 A.M. Last car leaves Front and Market Streets 
at 12.30 A.M. 

Rates of Fare —For adults, Seven Cents; Children under 12 years of age, Four 
Cents. Coupon Tickets, sold by the Conductors, four for Twenty-five Cents, good on 
any Philadelphia City Railway. Exchange Tickets, Nine Cents, good on any Railway 
running across Market Street, west of and including Tenth Street. On cars connecting 
with arriving trains, after midnight, Ten Cents. 

The Market Street cars convey passengers to and from the Ferries on the Delaware 
River for Camden, N. and the depots, at the foot of Market Street, of the Cape May, 
Millville, Bridgeton, Salem, Burlington County, Pemberton, and Hightstown, and 
Amboy Railroads; also to and from the Pennsylvania Central Railroad Depots, at 
Thirty-first and Market Streets, for New York and the East, or for Pittsburg and the 
West and South. 

They also pass the Bingham House, Farmers’ Market, Masonic Temple, New 
Public Buildings, and the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, and within one square 
of Merchants’, Continental, Girard, La Pierre, St. Cloud, and Colonnade Hotels, and 
the West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad depot, at Thirty-first and Chestnut Streets. 


I 



79 


EXTENT OF MAIN EXHIBITION BUILDING, 


WITH DETAILS. 

To the casual observer this building does not in any manner present itself 
as it really is; the eye unaccustomed to distance will not credit its extent, or the 
enormous masses of material used in its preparation. The builder and contractor, 
Mr. R. J. Dobbins, secured the contract at a sum far below that of any other 
bidder, although there was a great competition ; and the result of his labors is the 
best evidence of his good judgment and untiring energy, with a desire to give 
his personal superintendence at all times. His first act was to erect his own 
quarters directly on the ground, and by so doing he secured continued activity 
and thorough work. Mr. Dobbins has had a wide experience, and his practical 
education in the service of the U. S. Government, under General Meigs, now 
proves of real use. The Public Ledger Building will ever be an enduring 
monument of his enterprise. His connection with the successful building undertak¬ 
ing at Long Branch, and his general good judgment in connection with real estate 
are proverbial in the erection of the Main Exhibition Building for the International 
Exhibition. He makes use of the following quantities of material: 

7,600,000 lbs. of Wrought Iron. 

250,000 lbs. of Cast Iron. 

7,000,000 feet of Lumber. 

1,100,000 square feet of Tin Roofing. 

250,000 square feet of Glass. 

450,000 Bricks. 

Two miles and a half of Water Pipe. 

Two miles and a half of Sewer and Drain Pipe. 

Total number of men employed, three thousand. 

The wrought iron is rolled by Messrs. A. & P. Roberts of the Pencoyd 
Works, near Manayunk, Philadelphia, and is manufactured by Messrs. William 
Sellers & Co., at Edgemoor Works, near Wilmington, Delaware. 

The cast iron work is made by Morris, Tasker & Co., of Philadelphia. 

The erection of the iron frame work is done by the Watson Manufacturing 
Co., of Patterson, N. J., and is carried on at the rate of fifty tons per day. 

The galvanized iron work is manufactured by the Kittredge Cornice and 
Ornament Co. of Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio. 

The proposed interior decorations of the main building will be of a charac¬ 
ter which, although economical in cost, will still in good taste and detail equal the 
decorations of either London, Paris or Vienna. It will be understood by our 
readers that the Main Exhibition Building will be the principal object of attrac¬ 
tion ; in it will be displayed, under the flag of each country, all the manufactures, 
inventions and products of each so admirably arranged that the visitor can pass 
from one country to another geographically, or follow, if he chooses, any one pro¬ 
duct in its course through the several nations. In this respect, the Main Exhibi¬ 
tion Building possesses advantages over those of either Paris or Vienna, and will 
be easily understood from an examination of the ground plan. 


illlillllilllllilllillllililillilliilllilllllii 


ESTABLISHED 1815. 



]—[ORSTMANN B ROTHER S & Co. 

Fifth & Cherry Sts., Philadelphia, 


MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS OF 



VOLUNTEER COMPANIES AND REGIMENTS 

Supplied with all Articles needed for their Equipment. 

BANNERS, FLAGS, DECORATIONS, AND BADGES 

—FOR CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS.— 


Regalia, Jewels and other Properties for Masonic Blue Lodges, Chapters, Com- 

manderies, and Scottish Rite. 

KNIGHTS TEMPLAR UNIFORMS A SPECIALTY. 

Odd Fellows’ Lodges and Encampments, Sons of Temperance, American Prot. 
Associations, Knights of Pythias, Harugari, Good Templars, American 
Mechanics, and others, fitted out at short notice. 

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 


SILK, :BTT2STTI2>TC3- <3Z, ZMIUSHLUST ^IL^LO-S 

ON HAND AND MADE TO ORDER. 


Also, Banner Bilks, Bunting, Staffs, Eagles, Ornaments, Spears, Balls, Cords & Tassels, 

Fringes, Covers, Belts, and all Articles needed for Flag and Banner Trimming. 

THE TRADE SUPPLIED. 


MAIL ORDERS AND INQUIRIES SHALL HAVE PROMPT ATTENTION. 

HORST MANN BROS. & CO. 


PHILADELPHIA, PA 











































































































































































Si 


PICTURES OF THE 


CENTENNIAL 




One of the most efficient means of awakening interest in the Centennial, has 
undoubtedly been the admirable series of pictures published by Mr. Thomas Hunter 
of this city. Starting with the “ Art Gallery,” the more wide-awake of our citizens 
eagerly seized upon it, and distributing it in large quantities to their friends and 
customers, the enthusiasm in our great national celebration steadily widened and 
deepened. Mr. Hunter has since added successively the other buildings and calls 
especial attention to the following list: 

1. ART GALLERY, 

2. MAIN BUILDING, 

3. HORTICULTURAL HALL, 

4. MACHINERY HALL, 

5. AGRICULTURAL HALL. 

6. Double, (Nos. 1 and 2 on a sheet.) 

7. Triple, (Nos. 1, 2 and 3 on a sheet.) 

8. Quintuple, (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 on a sheet.) 

9. BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF THE PARK, Buildings in the foreground. 

All these pictures are of uniform style and price. The drawings were made under the 
immediate supervision of the respective architects, and have all the latest modifications 
in size and detail that have been found necessary. They are beautifully printed in 
three colors, on heavy plate paper, and not only convey a correct idea of what is being 
done for the great celebration, but will form a valuable souvenir when that event is 
over. 

These Pictures are approved by the Centennial Board of Finance who have 
distributed these Pictures in large quantities in every civilized country. 

Price 50 Cents each, sent free by mail , securely packed. 

Prices in quantities are as follows: 

Per Dozen, $4.00, Per Hundred, $30.00, Per Four Hundred, $100.00, 

' Per Thousand, $200.00, 

Sent C.O.D. by Express or on Money-order. If sent by Mail, 40 cents per dozen 
extra for postage. No charge for printing card on one hundred and upwards. Tubes 
for mailing, in any quantities, 3 cents each. Agents wanted in every town, to whom 
liberal terms will be offered. The various agents for the Centennial Board of Finance 
are especially invited to act as agents for these pictures. 

THOMAS HUNTER, 

Commercial, Chroma and Photo-Lithographer, 

716 FILBERT STREET, Philada., Pa. 




82 


ESTABLISHED, 1885 


ALLEN & BRO. 

—MANUFACTURERS OF FIRST CLASS— 




Designs and Estimates Furnished as Desired. 




WAREROOMS, 1209 CHESTNUT ST. 

Factory, N. E. Corner of Twelfth and Hamilton Streets, 


PHILADELPHIA. 





























83 



ILLUSTRATED. 


We have in this age of progress such means at hand for the enlightenment of the 
people that all great events become as it were pictured on their minds. As the various 
events connected with 1876 follow each other in rapid succession, the whole world is 
made familiar with each, through the pages of the illustrated journals, and a complete 
pictorial record may be preserved by securing a set of the DAILY GRAPHIC, 
which, the earliest in the field in the interest of the Centennial, has from the start lost 
no opportunity to present illustrations of the progress and appearance of the buildings. 
Portraits of the leading men interested, and of the Foreign Commissioners. It will 
doubtless be the aim of the Graphic to furnish its readers with all necessary informa¬ 
tion during the Exhibition itself, and the wonderful rapidity with which daily occur¬ 
rences are reproduced in its columns, will give it a popularity which is certain to grow 
more and more prominent. The only Illustrated Daily Journal in the world, it is in itself 
an exhibit of American enterprise and progress which will strike all foreigners with 
surprise. 


HOW TO REACH THE CEHTEOTIAL GROTODS. 


The various horse railroads in the City or Philadelphia afford an amount of 
traveling accommodations not enjoyed by any other city in the world. The . 

PHILADELPHIA CITY PASSENGER RAILWAY 

Via Chestnut <P Walnut Street } 

looking forward to the large business of 1876 have made special arrangements for the 
comfort of citizens and visitors. The total length of track used by this line is seven¬ 
teen miles, including the two branches, one to Darby and one to the Park, this latter 
having its depot adjoining the Centennial Grounds, and landing the Passengers 
directly in front of the Main Exhibition Building and Machinery Hall. The Cars are 
nearly new, admirably finished, large and comfortable. Total carrying capacity 60,000 
passengers per diem, using 108 cars, and employing 300 men and 1029 horses. These 
cars run on minute and minute and a half time. The new depot on Belmont Avenue 
is a model for comfort and convenience. 

The Cars of this line pass the following places : University of Pennsylvania, West 
Chester R. R. Depot, Colonnade Hotel, Academy of Natural Sciences, New Public 
Buildings, U. S. Mint, Concert Hall, Chestnut St. Theatre, Fox’s American Theatre, 
Continental and Girard Hotels, Washington House, Guy’s Hotel, Independence Hall 
and Square, American Hotel, Custom House and Post Office, and within half a square 
of Philadelphia and Mercantile Libraries, Academy of Music and Horticultural Hall. 
First car leaves depot at Centennial Grounds at 4.30 A. M., last car leaves at 1 r.28 p. m. 


C ONTINENTAL 

The most perfect Hotel in all its appointments in the United States. Accom¬ 
modations for IOOO Guests. 

J. E. KINGSLEY & CO., Proprietors, 

1 *111L A DEL Fill A, FA. 


LO OT EL. 











<S 4 


H ow to see Philadelphia. 


To the uninformed stranger this city may seem to present little of interest; but when 
its various beauties and objects of attraction are clearly explained no visitor can leave 
unsatisfied, and it is gratifying to know that a complete guide is now being prepared by 
skillful hands, which will comprise not only a description of all places of interest but also 
such historical notes as will make the “ New Guide to Philadelphia” a Vade Mecwn for the 
traveler and citizen. As a guide it will possess all the advantages that experience can 
dictate, and in size and price it will be within the means of all. Much credit is due to 
Messrs. PORTER & COATES, the well known publishers, for this addition to their 
valuable list of publications, and its appearance will be welcomed by all who propose to 
visit Philadelphia, or desire to retain a record of the Centennial City. This volume, 
now in press, will occupy about 300 pages, fully illustrated with views of the various 
Public Buildings, scenes in the Park, etc., etc., and various maps and diagrams, including 
a large map of the city 24 inches square, with all the lines of Street Railways in red, so 
that at a glance any one can tell how to reach, by the cars, any part of the city. The book 
will not exceed in expense $1.50. For further particulars, intending visitors should 
address the publishers, Messrs. Porter & Coates, 822 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 


O NE result of the approaching Centennial Exhibition has been to already largely 
increase the traveling facilities of Philadelphia. Among the many lines of city 
railways the HESTONVILLE, MANTUA AND FAIRMOUNT PASSENGER RAIL¬ 
ROAD CO., via Arch, Race and Vine Streets, has made great advance. The extent of 
the road traveled over is sixteen miles, and in passing from the city to West Philadelphia 
the cars cross on the upper section of the Callowhill Street Bridge, while in returning 
they cross underneath. The total traveling capacity is estimated at 50,000 daily, and as all 
the cars proceed direct to the Centennial Ground, also to Zoological Garden and 
George’s Hill, this line will be of great service during the Exhibition. A very large and 
fine Depot has been erected for the accommodation of the increased travel. Cars 
leave the upper depot at 4.30 A. M. till 11.30 P. M., the last car from the city arriving at 
1 A. M. The cars of this line pass the following places:—St. Cloud Hotel, Merchants’ 
Hotel, Union Hotel, St. Elmo Hotel, and within two squares of the Bingham House, 
La Pierre, Continental, Girard, Washington and American Hotels; Blind Asylum, 
Twentieth and Race Streets ; Logan Square, on Race Street, between Eighteenth and 
Nineteenth; near the Cathedral, Eighteenth Street, north of Race; The Wills Eye 
Hospital, Race Street, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth ; The New Academy of 
Natural Sciences, Nineteenth and Race Streets ; Friends’ Meeting House, Fifteenth 
and Race Streets; Franklin Square, Race Street, between Sixth and Franklin; Public 
Buildings; Masonic Hall; Commercial Exchange, Second Street, north of Walnut; 
Philadelphia Exchange, Third and Dock Streets; Fairmount Water Works at the 
Callowhill Street entrance to Fairmount Park. 

A. BOYD, President. JNO. R. SNELL, Superintendent. 

VVM. NICHOLSON, Jr., Secretary and Treasurer, 


1 







Architecture and the International Exhibition. 

One of the most attractive features at both the Paris and Vienna 
Exhibitions were the various buildings erected by different nations, and 
indicative of their peculiarities. The Swiss Chalet, the Moorish Mosque, 
the French Chateau, the Gothic Chapel of England, and the simple School 
House of our own country, all attracted attention. Here at the Exhibition 
in 1876, although there will doubtless be some edifices erected by Foreign 
Nations, yet the great distance will prevent the more extended representa¬ 
tion we have seen abroad. Therefore we shall be compelled to rely upon 
our own means to secure what shall be attractive and appropriate. To 
arrive at this result, and to aid Exhibitors from home and abroad, a 

BUREAU OF ARCHITECTURE 

has been established by Messrs. Schwarzmann & Pohl, at 

S14: Oih.estn.'u.t Street, nPlrlled-elplrlsi, 

where special attention will be given to preparing designs for separate 
buildings, including Restaurants, Kiosks, Manufacturing Establishments, 
etc., etc.; also for all classes of Interior Decorations, Show Cases, Shelving, 
Counters, etc., together with designs for Art Industry in all its branches. 
Having every facility for producing work with rapidity, they feel confident 
of giving satisfaction. 

H. J. SCHWARZMANN, G. R. POHL, 

Architect and Engineer, International Exhibition. Architect. 

CANDIES. 


Our Goods are Warranted Strictly Pure and will Stand 

Any Climate. 



63 Barclay Street ( j 
1 College Place. J 


NEW YORK. 


The latest improvements in our Machinery, which are secured by letters Patent, 
are such, that we are enabled to discount the prices of any competition. 











86 


LEE & WALKER, 

MUSIC PUBLISHERS, 

922 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 

—HAVE JUST ISSUED— 

THE CENTENNIAL MARCH 

By E. MACK. 

Handsomely illustrated with a fine picture of the Main Exhibition Hall, Price 50 cts. 

THE MEMORIAL MARCH 

By E. MACK. 

With title embellished with an elegant picture of Memorial Hall, Price 50 cts. 

LEE & WALKER, 

Music Publishers, 

922 CHESTNUT St., Philada. 



LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK IN THE COUNTRY 

NEW AND ARTISTIC DESIGNS. PRICES BEYOND COMPETITION 

Show-Rooms 1132 & 1134 Market Street. 

Respectfully request all buyers of Marble or Slate Mantels, or inside decorations of any kind, also Grates, 
Gas Logs, French Fire Screens and Setts, and Andirons, to inspect the immense Stock arranged in their newiy 
erected Show-Rooms, displaying at a glance Mantels filled with Stoves, Fenders, Grates and Tile Hearths, 
En Suite. 

Steam Works: 302, 304, 306, 308, S. 24th St., Philada. 


RIEHLE BROTHERS, 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

PATENTED SCALESfTESTING MACHINES JE. 

a^TTIMIIF’OIR/ID ZHZA-IfcTSOlsr, 



1UL JHCvicLsoii Street, IF 3 la ilad.elpla.iai_ 

Electrotype cuts of all Centennial Buildings, Ground Plans and Medals constantly on hand. 

HENRY B. LESKIE, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Floe Furniture and Decorations, Upholstering, Curtains, etc, 

ANTIQUE AND IMPORTED CABINET WARE. 

BANK AND OFFICE FURNITURE. 

K ; V/ 

Warerooms:— 18 South Fifteenth Street, Philadelphia. 


I 















GLOUCESTER CITY N. J. 


> 



Office, No. 6 North Seventh Street. 

PHILADELPHIA 


David S. Hrown, Pres't. Jamks P. Michf.llon, Sec'y 
Hijn'j. Chew, Treat. William Sexton, Suf>’t. 

% 

Cast Iron Gas & Water Pipe, Cast Iron Heating & 
Steam Pipe, Stop Valves, Water or Gas. 

GAS HOLDERS, FIRE HYDRANTS. 



a ubrjc^ A/ 

Life Insurance Company 

OF PHILADELPHIA, 

S. E. Corner Fourth and Walnut Streets. 
ASSETS, - - $5,000,000. 

Pres. GEORGE W. HILL, Vice-Pres. GEORGE NUGENT, 
Actuary, JOHN C. SIMS, Sec. <Sn> Treas. JOHNS. WILSON. 
Ch'n of Finance Committee, ALEXANDER WHILLDIN, 
Assistant Secretary, J. G. HAMMER. 


A GUIDE TO THE CENTENNIAL CITY. 


JUST READY. 



A Complete Guide to the City and its Surroundings, including Fairmount Park, i hirti 
Edition. Revised 3nd Enlarged, with 150 Illustrations. Royal 
8vo. Paper Cover. 50 Cents. 


“ It is elaborately and beautifully illustrated, and will be just the thing for the hundreds of thousands 
of people who will visit that city during the Centennial Anniversary .”—Chicago Tribune. 

***For sale by all the Booksellers and Periodical Dealers, or will be sent by mail on 
the receipt of price by 

J. B. LIPPINCQTT & CO., Publishers and Booksellers, 

715 & 717 Market Street, Philadelphia. 


ESTABLISHED 1835. 


( HAS. F. SIMPSON, 

DEALER IN 

Jry Goods, Hosiery, Embroideries, &c. 

FOR CASH, 

9Q& Pulp Street, Phfla,cletph.icL. 













































88 


LIBRARY of congress 



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8 9 

Oil Painted Wall Paper Company, 

FACTOET, DBetlileliem, DPa,. 

Office and Salesrooms, No. 827 Vine Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

A 

Washable Wall Papers, Tints, Frescoes, Decorations, Borders, Etc, Etc. 

SECURED BY LETTERS PATENT IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADAS. 

This Paper is a successful substitute for fresco painting in oil. It is 
waterproof and airtight; grease and the like are more easily removed 1 
water than from painted walls or wood work. Being elastic, it wilt 
the walls as varnished paper does; it does not evaporate the unlr 
poisoning the atmosphere, as is the case in the use of wa' 

With our Frescoes and Decorations, rooms and halls can be fa 
ing the work of the best artists, in one-tenth of the time and at 
cost of the latter, besides being more durable and unaccompanied ( 
smell and slow drying of ordinary oil painting. 

J8STF0R SALE BY ALL WALL PAPER DEALERS.^ 



-OF— 

COMMERCE, INDUSTRIAL ARTS, FINANCIAL STATISTICS, 
PRACTICAL SCIENCE AND GENERAL 
LITERATURE. 


THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. 


OFFICE 

JST. TU Cot. TCalrazt 4‘ Fonrth. Sts. 


PHILADELPHIA. 
















ESTABLISHED 1823, 

1202 CHESTNUT STREET, 1202 

WEDDING AND HERALDIC 


s 

SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

Engraving Card Plates, Monogram Dies, Arms, Crests, Etc. 

A LARGE STOCK OF FINE STATIONERY, VIENNA LEATHER GOODS, PHOTOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF THE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS IN 
PHILADELPHIA AND WASHINGTON, ETC., CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 


T ATIONERS A ND £NGRAVERS. 






























































































































































































